0’s仕事


Sharpe ratio to choose a good game and Kelly formular to decided how to play.

Sharpe ratio

The Sharpe ratio is a measure of the excess return (or risk premium) per unit of risk in an investment asset or a trading strategy.
S = (R – r) / σ:

R = Return(ave return)

r = Non risk return(e.g bond)

σ = Standard Deviation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe_ratio

In general, a good game has Sharpe ratio over 1.

Example :
R=10%
r=3.5%
σ=16%
S=(10-3.5)/16=0.406

in every 6 years (averagely), there is a year that the return is lower than -6% (beyond 1σ)

2. Kelly Formula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion
f^{*} = (bp – q)/b
where:

* f* is the fraction of the current bankroll to wager;
* b is the net odds received on the wager (that is, odds are usually quoted as "b to 1")
* p is the probability of winning;
* q is the probability of losing, which is 1 − p.

f* = 投注金额占总资金的比例

p = 获胜的概率

q = 失败的概率,q = 1-p

b = 赔率,例如在轮盘赌中押单个数字,b = 35,押红黑,b = 1。

上篇中讲到的21点下注问题,假设总赌本10,000美元,玩家取胜的概率是51%,赔率1:1(实际胜率和赔率略有偏差,但相距不大),那么凯利公式给出的最佳赌注是:

三个游戏的数学期望值一样,都是20%,或者说押100元平均赢20元。 按大部分国人的赌性,恐怕会选“小博大”游戏吧?但是用凯利公式中的“b”一除,“小博大”游戏只能押总资金的4%,“中博中”可以押20%,“大博小”可以押40%。赢钱速度“大博小”快多了! 前面不是讲过“久赌必赢的游戏应该选波动性小的”吗? 说的就是这个了。

现实中,爱玩“小博大”的多半是赌客。 谁爱玩“大博小”呢? 赌场!华尔街的职业投资家们很多玩的也是“大博小”,因为便于使用杠杆(押大赌注)。

$10000 * (1 * 0.51 – 0.49)/ 1 = $200

三个游戏的数学期望值一样,都是20%,或者说押100元平均赢20元。 按大部分国人的赌性,恐怕会选“小博大”游戏吧?但是用凯利公式中的“b”一除,“小博大”游戏只能押总资金的4%,“中博中”可以押20%,“大博小”可以押40%。赢钱速度“大博小”快多了! 前面不是讲过“久赌必赢的游戏应该选波动性小的”吗? 说的就是这个了。

现实中,爱玩“小博大”的多半是赌客。 谁爱玩“大博小”呢? 赌场!华尔街的职业投资家们很多玩的也是“大博小”,因为便于使用杠杆(押大赌注)。

最后,凯利公式指明了风险控制的至关重要性:即便是正期望值的游戏也不能押太大的赌注。从数学上讲,押注资金比例超过了凯利值,长期的赢钱速度反而下降,还会大大增加出现灾难性损失的可能性。举个极端的例子,如果你每手都押上全部资金,那么不管你赢过多少钱,只要输一次就立刻破产。正所谓:辛辛苦苦几十年,一夜回到解放前

难得一见的好文,收藏~

Takeaway: Job seekers sometimes approach interviews too eager to please. Here are his tips for getting around that feeling and putting your best foot forward.

The problem with career advice, there’s just so darn much of it out there. Everybody has a personal slant on how best to present yourself in an interview. It’s refreshing to come across something as simple as a bulleted list of best practices to follow. That’s why I like this advice, provided by Jim Camp, an internationally coach and trainer, and author of NO: The Only Negotiating System You Need for Work and Home.

Camp recognizes that job seekers feel like they’re at a disadvantage. They go into the interview feeling nervous about rejection, ashamed of getting fired from their last job, or too anxious to please. He cautions however, that if you let such emotions and attitudes overtake you, you’ll be unable to think about the challenges facing this company and unable to articulate why they need you and should hire you.

Here are his nine other tried-and-true tips to getting hired:

1. Do impeccable research on the company and position before the interview. Read recent business articles, visit the company’s website, and read press releases and annual reports. Write down anything and everything about this company.

2. Don’t try to impress them with your dress, attitude, or speech. It will backfire. Be honest, direct, and authentic. Look decent and be comfortable in your own skin.

3. Find out what your interviewer wants by asking questions. Your aim is to discover the company’s problems, issues, and needs so you can position yourself as the solution. Example: “What are the biggest challenges facing your company?”

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Learn More » 4. Ask interrogative-led questions–what, how, and why–to help YOU direct the dialogue. These get your interviewer spilling the beans. Example: “How do you see this position developing and changing over the next three years?”

5. Get your interviewer to reveal what a “good fit” means to them. Your objective is to find out how you might uniquely enhance this company. Example: “How would you describe your employees and the culture of this organization?”

6. Don’t volunteer too much information. You might think your previous working environment is relevant. You might think your family life is important. You might think your hobbies are character revealing. But telling too much gives your interviewer fuel to make assumptions and draw conclusions about you.

7. Be a blank slate. Learn to clear your mind of assumptions, fears, and expectations so you will be emotionally neutral and can maintain an open-minded perspective. If you start to feel hopeful or fearful, needy or overconfident, drop your pen, shift in your chair, take a deep breath–do anything to distract yourself and get back to neutral.

8. Don’t be needy. Neediness kills your advantage in a job interview. You do not NEED this job. You need water, food, and air.

9. Focus on what you can control. The only thing you can control in the interview is your behavior and your responses. Focus on listening carefully–taking notes if necessary–and on answering questions in such a way that you are always keeping your interviewer’s requirements and goals in mind. Your answers should reflect how you fit in with this employer’s aims and enhance the employer’s objectives.

Questions To Ask Employers
What are the opportunities for personal growth?
Identify typical career paths based on past records. What is the realistic time frame for advancement?
How is an employee evaluated and promoted?
What is the retention rate of people in the position for which I am interviewing?
Describe the typical first-year assignments.
Tell me about your initial and future training programs.
What are the challenging facets of the job?
What are the company’s plans for future growth?
Is the company stable and financially sound?
What is the company’s record of employment stability?
What industry trends will occur in this company?
How has this company fared during the recent recession?
What makes your firm different from its competitors?
What are the company’s strengths and weaknesses?
How would you describe your corporation’s personality and management style?
Is it company policy to promote from within? Tell me the work history of your top management.
What kind of career opportunities are currently available for my degree and skills?
What are your expectations for new hires?
Describe the work environment.
How can you utilize my skills?
What is the overall structure of the department where the position is located?
Why do you enjoy working for your firm?
What qualities are you looking for in your new hires?
Why should I want to work for your organization?
What characteristics does a successful person have at your company?

Associate, Regulatory Operations (IT)

Hong Kong
Ref. 2805
Salary $60,000 – $85,000 pm

The Company

Our client is a well known investment bank looking for a candidate with a technology background and excellent business acumen looking for a broader business role within Operations.

The Role

Reporting to the VP, this team is responsible for producing various regulatory reports covering the firm’s trading activities globally. This role is an essential part of the group that focuses on reducing regulatory event driven business risks.

Your responsibilities will include developing and applying testing approaches and frameworks that enable the proactive detection of reporting gaps and compliance with front office trading rules. You will also review new and existing data flow and applications, IT databases and infrastructure in order to improve reporting controls.

You will be supporting many different areas of the business from Sales and Trading to Asset Servicing while gaining new extensive product knowledge in Equities, Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities etc.

Your Profile

This is a great opportunity for a candidate with a current or existing I.T background to gain experience in different areas in the Operations. You will have a degree in technology and 5-7 years hands on technical experience in financial services coupled with business and/or data analysis skills.(Preferably ex programmers/ developers/data analysts).

You should have strong relational database skills with advanced knowledge of SQL. Furthermore, you will have experience with a number of programming and scripting languages such as C, C++, Java, Perl ).

You have excellent analytical skills with the ability to understand complex workflows and large amounts of data. The understanding of one or more product areas would be a plus eg. Equities, Fixed Income, Derivatives, etc . Strong communication skills are essential as you will be dealing with Senior Management within the business.

Contact Us

Apply now or contact Melissa Lau on +852 3653 7300.

http://www.roberthalf.com.hk/portal/site/rh-hk/menuitem.a611a9986711999782335ba61314dfa0/?vgnextoid=d14d57f0d46d1210VgnVCM1000005e80fd0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=33bf9fd61e912210VgnVCM10000015fafb0aRCRD

Smile

 

CFA Institute Offers 10 Tips on Avoiding Investment Fraud

 

Charlottesville, Va., January 21, 2009 − The recent Ponzi scheme admittedly perpetrated by hedge fund manager Bernard Madoff has heightened our awareness of investment scams. Many investors may feel that they are immune from investment fraud because most Madoff’s investors were institutions or extremely wealthy individuals. But investment fraud comes in many forms and can touch all types of investors. CFA Institute, the global association for investment professionals, offers 10 tips to help investors reduce their chances of being devastated by investment fraud. 

 

1. Understand clearly the investment strategy – “Some investment opportunities appear alluring simply because they are described in impressive, complicated terms,” said Stephen Horan, CFA, head of private wealth management content at CFA Institute. “Investment strategies and financial products should be clear and understandable. The nature of the risks involved can vary widely and should be well understood. Even the venerable Peter Lynch advised people to invest only in what they understood – advice he abided by in his successful career. If you don’t understand it, stay away." 

 

2. Match investment strategy to reported performance – One of the red flags in the Madoff affair is that reported performance was too consistently good. Other investment scams, popular on the internet, purport to use ultra-safe “prime bank” financial instruments from the world’s largest banks. E-mails that promise double-digit returns are incongruent with the safe investment strategies they purport to offer. Also, find out if the firm has its reported performance numbers independently audited, who audits them, and whether these figures comply with Global Investment Performance Standards, a set of ethical principles for calculating and reporting investment results. 

 

3. Watch for e-mail solicitations and Internet fraud – The internet is a low-cost way for scammers to reach millions of people. Horan says that “unsolicited e-mail messages offering you investment opportunities that sound too good to be true probably are. Online bulletin boards and electronic investment newsletters are also fertile ground to disseminate false information on thinly traded stocks for a pump-and-dump scheme. Treat information from unknown sources on the internet with great suspicion.”   

 

4. Be wary of “sure things," quick returns, and special access – Legitimate investment professionals do not promise sure bets. Legitimate get-rich-quick schemes simply do not exist. Scammers often make the implausible combination of safety and high returns seem plausible by granting you “special access” based on your relationship with a mutual acquaintance or affiliation with a specific religion or ethnic group. Also, understand clearly the terms by which you can redeem shares or exit the investment. When can it be done and what are the fees? Ponzi schemes become unsustainable when investors pull out their money. 

 

5. Understand what, if any, regulatory oversight exists – Fraud may be less prevalent in regulated settings, like mutual funds. Hedge funds are less regulated than mutual funds (learn more) (PDF). Horan said that investors should also “be careful of offshore investments, as well. Many are legitimate, but many others have different regulation, and it is far more difficult to locate and recover your money overseas should something go wrong.”  

 

6. Assess the operational risk and infrastructure – Any investment management operation should have a physical infrastructure for trading and administration. Ask to see them and inquire about the firm’s processes and controls. It is important that a firm have separate, independent operations for asset management, trading, and custody to provide checks and balances against fraud. Many investment firms adopt the CFA Institute Centre’s Asset Manager Code of Conduct, which outlines their ethical and professional responsibilities.  

 

7. Ask about independent audits and who performs them – “Investors should ask for audited financial statements of the organization,” said Horan. “An auditor should be independent, reputable, and congruent with the size and scope of the investment operation.”

 

8. Assess the personnel – Ultimately, the reliability of any operation is predicated on the integrity and competence of its people. So find out who makes investment decisions and who implements the investment strategy. They should be separate people with relevant experience, education, and training. Look for recognized professional credentials, like the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation. CFA charterholders agree to abide by the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct (PDF), which requires professionals to place the interests of their clients ahead of their own. Credible investment professionals speak knowledgably and comfortably about their professional standards. 

 

9. Perform a background check – Horan believes that investors can easily become their own private investigators. “The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) allows investors to check the background of securities firms and registered securities representatives it oversees in the U.S. If a brokerage firm or broker is not listed, find out why. If they are, make sure their record is clear. Most registered investment advisors (RIAs) must file registrations with the U.S. SEC. Again, make sure they are not subjects of investigation, and be wary if you are pressured to make an investment decision before you have time to investigate.” 

 

10. Limit your exposure – “One of the surest ways to avoid the catastrophe associated with investment fraud is to limit the amount you invest,” said Horan. “Diversification is one of the most fundamental and enduring investment principles. Investors often expose themselves to unnecessary risks by concentrating their funds in one or two securities. By limiting your exposure to five to 10 percent of your assets, the principle of diversification can protect you if an investment turns out to be fraudulent. 

 

Horan advised that “although these tips cannot guarantee that you will avoid investment fraud, they will increase the likelihood that you will make smart choices. Also, by asking the right questions and arming yourself with relevant information, you become one of the informed investors who are more difficult prey for scam artists.”  

Lessons learnt :

1. What you think your weakness(they are 纸老虎, the only enemies are ourselves) is can be your strenghs

2. You think you can do well in your strong areas but it is not easier than do OK in weak areas.

3. If strenghs don’t work out perfectly, you have less chance to make it to your final goal.

4. Be more aggressive, the higher you pursure, the more you gain.

5. Never give up. Hard work pays off sooner or later.

 I want to shai/share my non-pass result because I am happy about how it finally turned out. I would say I should/could have done better in at least ethics, FSA, QM. I am flattered that Derivatives worked out great. The more important things are I get a lot than I have expected including I get to know myself deeper and I learn above lessons by myself.

January 2009

6120366

Multiple Choice

Q# Topic Max Pts <=50% 51%-70% >70%
Alternative Investments 8 *
Corporate Finance 20 *
Derivatives 12 *
Economics 24 *
Equity Investments 24 *
Ethical & Professional Standards 36 *
Financial Reporting & Analysis 48 *
Fixed Income Investments 28 *
Portfolio Management 12 *
Quantitative Methods 28 *

We have divided the full group of failed candidates into ten approximately equal score bands. Your score band below shows how your overall score on the exam compares with all other failed candidates.

For example, if your reported score band is 1, you scored in approximately the bottom 10% of failed candidates. If your reported score band is 2, your score was within the next band width ranging from approximately the bottom 11% to 20% of failed candidates. If your score band is reported as 10, you scored in the top 10% of all failed candidates.

Performance band of your overall score among all candidates who failed the exam: 8

Pass rate of 35%

http://manuhack.com/cfamps

Topic Max <=50 51%-70% >=71% 40/60/80 Bayesian Maximum Minimum
Alternative Investments 8 * 60.0% 60.0% 62.5% 62.5%
Corporate Finance 20 * 60.0% 61.4% 70.0% 55.0%
Derivatives 12 * 80.0% 82.1% 100.0% 75.0%
Economics 24 * 40.0% 26.9% 50.0% 0.0%
Equity Investments 24 * 40.0% 26.9% 50.0% 0.0%
Ethical & Professional Standards 36 * 60.0% 60.5% 69.4% 52.8%
Financial Reporting & Analysis 48 * 60.0% 60.0% 68.8% 52.1%
Fixed Income Investments 28 * 40.0% 26.7% 50.0% 0.0%
Portfolio Management 12 * 80.0% 82.1% 100.0% 75.0%
Quantitative Methods 28 * 60.0% 60.0% 67.9% 53.6%
Overall 240 * 55.7% 51.9% 65.8% 38.7%
CFA=NOLIFE, it is from someone else’s ID. And yes, I would say I agree with it.
I didn’t have a life for at least 3 month.
Now I am back. I won’t be surprised that I will find so much have been happening and so much the world has been changed.
But before getting into that, I really want to write down what have happened, how much it worthed.
 
I could never expected I would feel so great after it is done.
I have struggled with getting into study. I have been fighting with myself for at least half a year. There was an evil inside me, preventing me from doing anything meaningful.
I managed to get myself undercontrol in Sept. I finally was able to sit there for several hours and start to understand somthing.
I somehow accepted the fact that I royally screwed for this test because of my amazing procrastination skills :(
I didn’t give because I never give up, because I got a banch of people to study with, because everyone was telling me Yes, you can. because…..I just didn’t have had any reason to escape.  I worked normally hard in Sept and OCt.
I start to feel I am screwed again in Nov, after taking some few practise exams.
I promise I have never scored above 70 – ohn if it is not important, – I have never finished a full morning/afternoon session on my own.
My weekends are all contributed to this study. Without seeing much outcome, I started to feel frastrated, disappointed and hopeless. haha. Can’t be believe and don’t remember how bad I felt. I might have felt exhausted, tired, overchanleged – that was just not me.
 
No matter how I feel, it comes at time flows, the test day is coming. I have had my own bottomline – get at least one part over 70%. Yes, that’s it.
 
I was amazed after morning session was done. I had fiinished everything and had spare time – it never happened in my life. haha.
It was just so easy, a lots of 5s Qs easy to nail down(or even skip)
I was still expecting afternoon sesson will be much tougher but it wasn’t. I could finish ealier again. This is just never have been imagined in my life.
 
I think I am feeling great because of ‘having had plenty time finsh up’.
 
I went dinner with one of my favorite friend, I said I am worried I will have nothing to do again. haha.
 
I am really glad that this had a happy ending. Test day gave me a joyful experience which I want to look back.
 
I get to know myself better by chanlenge more, it is exciting that you see you know how far you can go and how much potentil it is there.
 
I get to have the sense and understand the humor like  ‘ I’d go long on nacked options’.
 
I feel like I went for a trip and now back and growed.
 
anyway, this might not make sense to others but just it records a page of my true life.
 
-Cheers!
    
 
 
 
 

Your Top 5 Themes
Strategic
Relator
Ideation
Learner
Arranger

 
不知道Relator有什么用,为啥还能算Strength. Learner也可以致用么?Arranger-觉悟不够高,不喜欢做Arranger呢。Strategic和Ideation
看起来比较响亮。but anyway,看完反而有点迷惘。
 
 
 
童鞋推荐的strengthsfinder2.0周末受到了,就测了一把。觉得不太靠铺,觉得还是MBTI分析的到位。
之前已经贴了大部分剖析,以下是关于Personal Growth
 
 

ESTP Personal Growth


Written by contributing author Robert G. Heyward

What does Success mean to an ESTP?

With a dominant function of Extraverted Sensing, and an auxiliary function of Introverted Thinking, people with the ESTP personality type have a heightened need for sensory experience and for tactile engagement with their physical environment.  The ESTP is most comfortable when they can treat life as a big game in which they must be quick to use their skills in order to win.  In such a game-playing scenario, the ESTP is most likely to be the winner, as no other personality type is as quick on their feet as the ESTP.

ESTPs have an amazingly ability to size up people in an instant and come up with an accurate ballpark understanding of where they are coming from.  The ESTP cannot help using this skill, it is natural for them, but it brings them great satisfaction to be able to use this skill to enact some personal gain, or to “win the game.”  The ESTP is also strongly driven to tangibly interact with their immediate physical environment.  This need manifests itself in many ways, most commonly as an attraction to sports or physical challenges, and as a desire to always be doing something.  ESTPs are the great Doers.  If you want to make something happen quickly, ask an ESTP.  These inherent skills make the ESTP likely to find success professionally as salespeople or professional athletes.  However, any career that capitalizes on their people skills or their ability to maneuver within their physical world AND gives them immediate feedback is likely to be a good fit for the ESTP.

The ESTP’s need to be engaged with their immediate, external world makes success on a personal level more challenging.  They feel happiest when they are outside of themselves, but personal success requires going within to get to know the self.  However, once these needs are recognized, they are not mutually exclusive.  The ESTP who feeds their constant drive for new sensory experiences as well as their need for real reflection upon those experiences and impressions will find a deeper level of personal satisfaction than the ESTP who allows his immediate needs for sensory experiences to yank him about.

However, even those ESTPs who have developed their ability to reflect on matters will always be connected at some base level to the strong desire for new experiences, and will get their “bread and butter” feelings of success from conquering challenges in their physical environment.  ESTPs need to know they’ve got the goods, won the moment, done the job. Once given a task that intrigues them, or having discovered something new to be tried, very little will stop them from doing all they can to meet the challenge, and thereby achieve what they consider to be a personal success.  Success to an ESTP is usually not measured in ongoing terms, but in transient moments of achievement, moments which bring the ESTP the needed feeling of having won the day.

Allowing Your ESTP Strengths to Flourish

As an ESTP, you have gifts that are specific to your personality type that aren’t natural strengths for other types. By recognizing your special gifts and encouraging their growth and development, you will more readily see your place in the world, and be more content with your role.

Nearly all ESTPs will recognize the following characteristics in themselves. They should embrace and nourish these strengths:

·        A great talent for reading people and knowing “where they’re at” by just watching their behavior and mannerisms.

·        The ability to draw upon an extremely detailed and ready knowledge of the physical world around them at a moment’s notice.

·        A competitive flair which drives them to win out in difficult situations. ESTPs love to have the odds stacked against them, which makes them great troubleshooters or the type of salespeople who can cold canvass a winning deal from the hardest client.

·        A mental toughness which makes them extremely hard to beat. In any contest, the ESTP will almost always be the last man standing.

·        A strong, “get after it” mentality that causes them to get things done.

ESTPs who have developed their Introverted Thinking to the extent that they consider what their perceptions mean to them and discriminate carefully between the options available rather than simply flowing with the process of the moment, will enjoy these very special gifts:

·        The ability to recognize when others are uncomfortable or in trouble and deal with their problems.

·        The ability to realize that there is value in meeting other people’s needs in a real way.

·        An understanding that other people may have a different perspective on life, and that other perspectives may be useful and valid.

·        An ability to make the most of their winning capabilities over a long term.

·        A special talent for showing others how to make the most of situations. Such ESTPs can be extraordinary teachers of positive life skills.

·        A knack for showing not only how certain things can be done, but how they can be done in a far more valuable or efficient way. Such ESTPs are an asset to any company involved in manufacturing.

·        A skill for understanding the behavior of people and predicting patterns. ESTPs can make very good detectives or analysts.

Potential Problem Areas

With any gift of strength, there is an associated weakness. Without "bad", there would be no "good". Without "difficult", there would be no "easy". We value our strengths, but we often curse or simply ignore our weaknesses. To grow as a person and get what we want out of life, we must certainly exploit our strengths, but we must also face our weaknesses and deal with them. That means taking a hard look at the potential problem areas in our personality type.

It is important to realize that type weaknesses are just the blind spots behind our stronger character traits, and that the more undesirable characteristics specific to a type are usually limited to those people whose type is heavily expressed, and then only if circumstances have combined to narrow or circumvent that person’s natural development. So in reading what follows, it is worth remembering that, in describing these typical tendencies and the negative patterns of behavior which can flow from them, we are building an understanding for positive development. Every person is differently made, and we must always remember that these so called “weaknesses” are the unavoidable, understandable and natural characteristics of our type.

Most of the weaker characteristics found in ESTPs result from Extraverted Sensing dominating their personality and co-opting the usefulness of their other functions, whilst some other difficulties stem directly from the ESTP’s inability to use their less adapted functions of Extraverted Feeling and Introverted Intuition. Either singly or in combination, these ESTP traits cause most or all of the following weaknesses in varying degrees:

·        Can become morose or even antagonistic in situations offering little promise of advantage or the possibility to “do something.”

·        May be manipulative, taking advantage of other people’s weaknesses for their own gain.

·        May be unwilling or unable to plan anything in advance themselves, or to follow other’s careful plans.

·        Can be overconfident of their own cunning or ability, ignoring problems which eventually catch up with them on their blind side.

·        May find it difficult or be actually unwilling to follow through where an ongoing commitment is expected.

·        In relationship situations may be overbearing, demanding and/or uncaring of the feelings of their partner.

·        When alone or in reduced circumstances may be subject to dark or morbid feelings about themselves.

·        May be unable to maintain employment for any length of time, losing credibility with potential employers or clients by job hopping.

·        May become so engrossed in challenging activities that they lose all sense of proportion, neglecting themselves and their relationships.

·        Without challenges of their own, may become focused on the behavior of others, particularly that of family or employees, insisting that they live up to what the ESTP sees as the proper code or level of accomplishment.

Explanation of Problems

Because the ESTP is driven to experience the world through concrete sensation, their need for sensual experience combines with the possibilities of the moment to provide everything they feel is necessary to life. Using Introverted Thinking only to justify or enhance their sensual needs, the ESTP can easily flow with the world in a reckless manner, their own behavior mapped and justified by a ruling grid locked only to the objective action of the moment. Many of the difficulties described above flow from this common ESTP trait of attending only to the world and the people around them for the sake of satisfying their constant need for fresh experiences and new conquests. For the ESTP who lacks the support of a well adapted rational, judging function, the objective world remains an endlessly fascinating playground, where the constantly changing rules of the game often provide the only real codes of conduct they live by.

Without a well developed Introverted Thinking function enabling the ESTP to reflect upon the consequences of their actions and desires, the feelings and needs of others can seem of little concern to them. Often, those who cannot match the ESTP round for round are considered persons of little consequence, or valued only as useful pawns in an endless game of one-upmanship where the gratification of the ESTPs needs is the only object. In addition to this, because Feeling is the ESTP’s tertiary function, its judgments tend to be colored by the unconscious background, which means that it is often used negatively. In responding to the ESTP’s sense driven thinking assessments, such a feeling function plays down empathy and enhances the maintenance of negative feelings about others, particularly when they do not “go along” with the ESTP’s primary function driven ways and needs.

Under such conditions the strongly expressing ESTP, whose auxiliary Introverted Thinking function serves only to make biased, supportive, “correct” judgments about their own behavior, will often “stand outside the circle”, their biased judgments reducing others to a mere audience, expected to support the ESTPs notions without question. In relationships this can be a danger, for it means the ESTP will rarely accede to the feeling based demands of others, nor give credit to those ideas which arise from an intuitive outlook on life. Their behavior in this regard often borders on outright contempt or a sullen refusal to accept anything outside their own purview.

Such strongly expressing ESTPs can sometimes find themselves without any truly close relationships, for their behavior often provides a strong signal to others, who sense that “here be dragons”, and consequently offer as little as possible of their personal feelings or worldly knowledge as grist to the ESTPs one-upmanship mill. Under these circumstances, whilst the ESTP may have lots of acquaintances and partners in fun, there will be very few who will befriend them at any truly supportive, emotional level.

Apart from the reasons given above, some narrowly expressing ESTPs can sometimes find themselves isolated because of the unusual things they believe about people and the world – particularly in regard to the reasons they believe certain things happen. The ESTP is extremely familiar with the workings of the immediate, rational world of the senses, but because their Intuition is a virtually unconscious function, their ideas about things outside their ken can quite often be extraordinarily quaint, superstitious or just downright bizarre, and their thinking can weave some amazing logic to support these beliefs. This rarely affects their day to day life, for these ideas and superstitions quite often support their keenness and abilities, but in a situation where truly intuitive or theoretical notions are considered relevant and important, the ESTP can find themself very much the odd man out.

Of all the personality types, the strongly expressing ESTP can be the hardest to convince that their world view is not the only valid one; that it does not necessarily spring from the best and only way to be; that everyone else in the world who is “normal” does not approach life in the same way as the ESTP.

Solutions

To grow as an individual, the ESTP needs to focus on freeing their thinking from the control of Extraverted Sensing and allow themself the space to make careful, rational judgments. Not only about the immediate, external situation, but also about the ways in which it can be managed to create a more valuable, long term result. The ESTP’s capacity to do this is innate; it hides just beneath the surface and takes only a few deliberate moments to allow it to work. All the ESTP needs to do is to recognize the difference between thinking with the moment, with the subject of their immediate sense impressions, and the thinking they do when nothing else grasps their attention. The ESTP needs to recognize that the second kind of thinking, this “alone with self” space, is full of potential for careful judgment of their actions and consideration of the best course for the future. Introverted Thinking is in truth the ESTP secret weapon. It is Introverted Thinking working in the background of their life which makes the ESTP such a potent personality. Bringing it into the foreground, allowing its power to be no longer a secret to them is the key to ESTP development.

I want to offer the ESTP some specific suggestions and advice here, for bringing the value of introspection into focus it isn’t just a matter of flipping a switch in the head. One of the reasons for this is that, when uncoupled from the fascinations of the outer world and reality, the ESTP’s Introverted Thinking tends to get caught up in the negative judgments and images which flow from their feeling and intuitive functions; all too easily falling into a cloudy, uncertain world of anxieties and sinister implications. The ESTP’s inner space needs to be cleared of this often childish and ill-informed miasma of negativity. So it is necessary to reassure yourself, to calmly and decisively insist upon quiet in your inner mind, and have faith that all concerns will be taken care of by the “adult of the household” (the mature version of Introverted Thinking.)

Turning off the world and getting into your own space can be difficult at the beginning, but it provides the greatest rewards. For the ESTP doesn’t need to learn how to think, they already do it extremely well – they just need to turn their thinking upon themselves. They need to measure and evaluate their usefulness, their actions, their relationships in ways that look for quality, and in ways to offer value to all things and people in their lives.

Challenge yourself. Challenges are simple stuff for the ESTP, and all it really takes is a few moments of reflection each day. Ask yourself regularly: “What am I doing? Why am I doing it? Who benefits from it?” Ask these questions in every type of situation, and discover how the answers begin showing a path toward not only greater understanding of self and others, but also show ways to include others in a relationship with your whole self. Soon you will discover your feelings and intuitions coming on board with a more positive and inclusive force. Growing yourself soon becomes easy, because it just takes the simple routine of letting your innate power of considered thought work upon your own life, rather than only using it to support what’s going on outside. Think about it. J

Living Happily in our World as an ESTP

ESTPs usually have a strong group of supporters, both at work and socially. They are often popular, their appeal is magnetic and they attract those who would like to do the things they can do. The problems the ESTP has fitting into the world tend to be related to the flip side of this attractive and challenging exterior, for the deeper and more intimate side of people tends to avoid them, just as the ESTP tends to avoid the deeper connections. ESTPs have no trouble attracting lovers and admirers, they simply have trouble keeping them, for once relationships begin to demand constancy and deep, feeling based connections, the ESTP is often left wondering what the fuss was about. Their inadequacy in this regard can often make others feel they are lacking any real feelings or desire for commitment, whilst the truth is that they simply do not know the path to such things without a long and difficult learning period. They are more frightened of feelings rather than unable to feel, they are more timid of commitment rather than unable to commit. In relationships the ESTP needs reassurance, but all too often their needs are unspoken and interpreted as inabilities.

Specific Suggestions:

·        Ask yourself what you want from a long term relationship. Now turn this around and see how your requirements compare with others. Are you being realistic? Have you forgotten to include the needs of others in your ideal relationship? Are you afraid of the things you need to offer, or are you just afraid that in offering them you will lose something?

·        Always remember, that a relationship which adds to your personal skills and life is a valuable one, while a relationship which limits your ability to be yourself is not going to work. Now try to see how your own demands and needs might add to another, and what they might take away from them.

·        Don’t be afraid of letting your feelings show, even if they frighten you for their weakness or showing your own vulnerability. More often than not, such honesty is the beginning of the kind of relationship that can lead you to grow.

·        Your best partner is going to be the one who fills your private space, your thinking space, as well as your senses. Try to talk to others about what you think. Discover yourself in your thoughts and let relationships grow through your letting the other person into your inner world. Discuss your fears and limits and discover the strength available to you from the support of another who may have what you need.

Ten Rules to Live By to Achieve ESTP Success

1.     Feed Your Strengths! Give yourself every opportunity to show your innate skills. If you are not in a relationship or a job which allows this to happen, it might be time to discover ways to change this. Remember, your strengths derive from being able to deal with the world, with situations where getting things done, where opportunities to surmount difficulty exist.

2.     Face Your Weaknesses. Try to be straight up with yourself. You have limitations others find as strengths. So what? You don’t have to hide behind a curtain of fear just because you have difficulty with feelings or sorting out your inner perceptions. Allow yourself to be who you are and at the same time let others help you be more honest with your limitations.  

3.     Talk About Your Thoughts. Discussing your ideas and perceptions with others will help you to develop your separate, inner reality, make you a “real” person to them even without all that external activity. How well you use your auxiliary function is very important to your overall health and happiness.

4.     Don’t Be Afraid to Show Emotion. Your inferior functions want you to be still a child inside, and that makes you run, that makes you want to prove yourself even more. You don’t have to prove anything to anyone in this regard. Everyone feel emotion and everyone is a little child inside. Find those people whose eyes tell you that you are not alone, and let them hear your child’s voice.

5.     Respect Your Need for Action. Understand that you need to be actively working with your environment to be "in the groove" with life. Don’t chastise yourself for not being the sort to sit around and read a book or watch a movie. Choose a partner and companions who value active lifestyles, but remember to allow yourself time out to consider how their input into your life will change it. Don’t just follow your nose – life is not an endless party or expedition.

6.     Recognize the Differences in Others. Realize that everyone is different, not just a little different, but very different. Everyone has their place and value. You need to notice those values and places, places where you cannot easily fit. You can learn from these people, for they have gifts you can use, gifts they offer simply by being who they are. Try figuring out their psychological type for yourself and notice how certain types can lift you out of negative feelings just by being who they are

7.     It’s OK to Get Out of your Comfort Zone. Understand that the only way to grow is to get outside of your comfort zone. If you’re uncomfortable with an idea or situation because you’re not sure how to act, that’s good! That’s an opportunity for growth.

8.     Identify and Express Your Feelings. You may have a hard time figuring out exactly how you feel about someone that you’re involved with. It’s important that you do figure this out. Don’t lead someone on with your ambivalence. If you determine that you value the person, tell them so every time you think of it. This is the best way to make them feel secure in your affections, and so to promote a long-lasting relationship.

9.     Be Aware that You can Fail, and that it is OK.  Not every mountain can be climbed, not every customer will be satisfied, no matter how hard you try or no matter what tricks you bring to bear. Getting beaten is an opportunity to reflect upon what is important, what really matters in life. Next time you will take up a challenge more worthy of your skills, and more valuable to others. You can be a champion, and it will be at your own game. Try to let it be a game of life, where everyone wins if you do.

10. Assume the Best. Don’t distress yourself with fear and dark imaginings. Expect the best, and the best will come.


 

ESTP – THE DOER (THE PROMOTER)

BRIEF OVERVIEW

ESTPs are outgoing practical thinkers–masters of experience, observation and the analysis of cause-effect relationships, free from the biasing influence of theory, tradition or emotion. Action is the ESTP’s middle name. This type thrives on it and creates it when life gets too boring. Resourceful troubleshooters, dynamic entrepreneurs and engaging negotiators, ESTPs apply a flexible, common-sense reasoning approach to any problem they tackle: planting a garden, fixing a car, settling a dispute, or reorganizing a multibillion-dollar corporation. Just don’t try to sell this type on fantasies and abstract ideas! Spontaneous, competitive and generous, ESTPs turn work into play, whenever possible, and apply the model of an athletic team to all their relationships. Teamwork matters to the ESTP. Although they can be charming, clever and seductively open, rarely do ESTPs merit description as deeply feeling people. When life becomes too complex with unwanted obligations and personal entanglements, count on the ESTP to escape from the situation.

 

EXPLANATION BASED ON THE RESEARCH OF CARL JUNG, KATHARINE C. BRIGGS AND ISABEL BRIGGS MYERS

ESTPs are outgoing, straight-shooting types. Enthusiastic and excitable, ESTPs are "doers" who live in the world of action. Blunt, straight-forward risk-takers, they are willing to plunge right into things and get their hands dirty. They live in the here-and-now, and place little importance on introspection or theory. The look at the facts of a situation, quickly decide what should be done, execute the action, and move on to the next thing.

ESTPs have an uncanny ability to perceive people’s attitudes and motivations. They pick up on little cues which go completely unnoticed by most other types, such as facial expressions and stance. They’re typically a couple of steps ahead of the person they’re interacting with. ESTPs use this ability to get what they want out of a situation. Rules and laws are seen as guidelines for behavior, rather than mandates. If the ESTP has decided that something needs to be done, then their "do it and get on with it" attitude takes precendence over the rules. However, the ESTP tends to have their own strong belief in what’s right and what’s wrong, and will doggedly stick to their principles. The Rules of the Establishment may hold little value to the ESTP, but their own integrity mandates that they will not under any circumstances do something which they feel to be wrong.

ESTPs have a strong flair for drama and style. They’re fast-moving, fast-talking people who have an appreciation for the finer things in life. They may be gamblers or spendthrifts. They’re usually very good at story telling and improvising. They typically makes things up as they go along, rather than following a plan. They love to have fun, and are fun people to be around. They can sometimes be hurtful to others without being aware of it, as they generally do not know and may not care about the effect their words have on others. It’s not that they don’t care about people, it’s that their decision-making process does not involve taking people’s feelings into account. They make decisions based on facts and logic.

ESTP’s least developed area is their intuitive side. They are impatient with theory, and see little use for it in their quest to "get things done". An ESTP will occasionally have strong intuitions which are often way off-base, but sometimes very lucid and positive. The ESTP does not trust their instincts, and is suspicious of other people’s intuition as well.

The ESTP often has trouble in school, especially higher education which moves into realms where theory is more important. The ESTP gets bored with classes in which they feel they gain no useful material which can be used to get things done. The ESTP may be brilliantly intelligent, but school will be a difficult chore for them.

The ESTP needs to keep moving, and so does well in careers where he or she is not restricted or confined. ESTPs make extremely good salespersons. They will become stifled and unhappy dealing with routine chores. ESTPs have a natural abundance of energy and enthusiasm, which makes them natural entrepreneurs. They get very excited about things, and have the ability to motivate others to excitement and action. The can sell anyone on any idea. They are action-oriented, and make decisions quickly. All-in-all, they have extraordinary talents for getting things started. They are not usually so good at following through, and might leave those tasks to others. Mastering the art of following through is something which ESTPs should pay special attention to.

ESTPs are practical, observant, fun-loving, spontaneous risk-takers with an excellent ability to quickly improvise an innovative solution to a problem. They’re enthusiastic and fun to be with, and are great motivators. If an ESTP recognizes their real talents and operates within those realms, they can accomplish truly exciting things.

EXPLANATION BY JOE BUTT

ESTPs are spontaneous, active folks. Like the other SPs, ESTPs get great satisfaction from acting on their impulses. Activities involving great power, speed, thrill and risk are attractive to the ESTP. Chronic stifling of these impulses makes the ESTP feel "dead inside."

Gamesmanship is the calling card of the ESTP. Persons of this type have a natural drive to best the competition. Some of the most successful salespersons are ESTPs. P.T. Barnum ("Never give a sucker an even break") illustrates the unscrupulous contingent of this type.

Almost unconsciously the ESTP looks for nonverbal, nearly subliminal cues as to what makes her quarry "tick." Once she knows, she waits for just the right time to trump the unsuspecting victim’s ace and glory in her conquest. Oddly enough, the ESTP seems to admire and respect anyone who can beat her at her own game.

"If I was any better, I couldn’t stand it!" To an ESTP, admission of weakness feels like failure. He admires strength in himself and in others.

"Shock effect" is a favored technique of this type to get the attention of his audience. ESTPs love to be at center stage, demonstrating feats of wonder and daring.

Portrait of an ESTP – Extraverted Sensing Thinking Perceiving
(Extraverted Sensing with Introverted Thinking)


The Doer


As an ESTP, your primary mode of living is focused externally, where you take things in via your five senses in a literal, concrete fashion. Your secondary mode is internal, where you deal with things rationally and logically.

ESTPs are outgoing, straight-shooting types. Enthusiastic and excitable, ESTPs are "doers" who live in the world of action. Blunt, straight-forward risk-takers, they are willing to plunge right into things and get their hands dirty. They live in the here-and-now, and place little importance on introspection or theory. The look at the facts of a situation, quickly decide what should be done, execute the action, and move on to the next thing.

ESTPs have an uncanny ability to perceive people’s attitudes and motivations. They pick up on little cues which go completely unnoticed by most other types, such as facial expressions and stance. They’re typically a couple of steps ahead of the person they’re interacting with. ESTPs use this ability to get what they want out of a situation. Rules and laws are seen as guidelines for behavior, rather than mandates. If the ESTP has decided that something needs to be done, then their "do it and get on with it" attitude takes precendence over the rules. However, the ESTP tends to have their own strong belief in what’s right and what’s wrong, and will doggedly stick to their principles. The Rules of the Establishment may hold little value to the ESTP, but their own integrity mandates that they will not under any circumstances do something which they feel to be wrong.

ESTPs have a strong flair for drama and style. They’re fast-moving, fast-talking people who have an appreciation for the finer things in life. They may be gamblers or spendthrifts. They’re usually very good at story telling and improvising. They typically makes things up as they go along, rather than following a plan. They love to have fun, and are fun people to be around. They can sometimes be hurtful to others without being aware of it, as they generally do not know and may not care about the effect their words have on others. It’s not that they don’t care about people, it’s that their decision-making process does not involve taking people’s feelings into account. They make decisions based on facts and logic.

ESTP’s least developed area is their intuitive side. They are impatient with theory, and see little use for it in their quest to "get things done". An ESTP will occasionally have strong intuitions which are often way off-base, but sometimes very lucid and positive. The ESTP does not trust their instincts, and is suspicious of other people’s intuition as well.

The ESTP often has trouble in school, especially higher education which moves into realms where theory is more important. The ESTP gets bored with classes in which they feel they gain no useful material which can be used to get things done. The ESTP may be brilliantly intelligent, but school will be a difficult chore for them.

The ESTP needs to keep moving, and so does well in careers where he or she is not restricted or confined. ESTPs make extremely good salespersons. They will become stifled and unhappy dealing with routine chores. ESTPs have a natural abundance of energy and enthusiasm, which makes them natural entrepreneurs. They get very excited about things, and have the ability to motivate others to excitement and action. The can sell anyone on any idea. They are action-oriented, and make decisions quickly. All-in-all, they have extraordinary talents for getting things started. They are not usually so good at following through, and might leave those tasks to others. Mastering the art of following through is something which ESTPs should pay special attention to.

ESTPs are practical, observant, fun-loving, spontaneous risk-takers with an excellent ability to quickly improvise an innovative solution to a problem. They’re enthusiastic and fun to be with, and are great motivators. If an ESTP recognizes their real talents and operates within those realms, they can accomplish truly exciting things.

Jungian functional preference ordering:

Dominant: Extraverted Sensing
Auxiliary: Introverted Thinking
Tertiary: Extraverted Feeling
Inferior: Introverted Intuition

 

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