Tue 7 Jun 2011
Sharpe ratio to choose a good game and Kelly formular to decided how to play.
Sharpe ratio
The Sharpe ratio is a measure of the excess return (or risk premium) per unit of risk in an investment asset or a trading strategy.
S = (R – r) / σ:
R = Return(ave return)
r = Non risk return(e.g bond)
σ = Standard Deviation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe_ratio
In general, a good game has Sharpe ratio over 1.
Example :
R=10%
r=3.5%
σ=16%
S=(10-3.5)/16=0.406
in every 6 years (averagely), there is a year that the return is lower than -6% (beyond 1σ)
2. Kelly Formula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion
f^{*} = (bp – q)/b
where:
* f* is the fraction of the current bankroll to wager;
* b is the net odds received on the wager (that is, odds are usually quoted as "b to 1")
* p is the probability of winning;
* q is the probability of losing, which is 1 − p.
f* = 投注金é¢å 总资金的比例
p = 获胜的概率
q = 失败的概率,q = 1-p
b = 赔率,例如在轮盘赌ä¸æŠ¼å•ä¸ªæ•°å—,b = 35,押红黑,b = 1。
上篇ä¸è®²åˆ°çš„21点下注问题,å‡è®¾æ€»èµŒæœ¬10,000美元,玩家å–胜的概率是51%,赔率1:1(实际胜率和赔率略有å差,但相è·ä¸å¤§ï¼‰ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå‡¯åˆ©å…¬å¼ç»™å‡ºçš„最佳赌注是:
三个游æˆçš„æ•°å¦æœŸæœ›å€¼ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œéƒ½æ˜¯20%,或者说押100元平å‡èµ¢20元。 按大部分国人的赌性,æ怕会选“å°åšå¤§”游æˆå§ï¼Ÿä½†æ˜¯ç”¨å‡¯åˆ©å…¬å¼ä¸çš„“b”一除,“å°åšå¤§”游æˆåªèƒ½æŠ¼æ€»èµ„金的4%,“ä¸åšä¸”å¯ä»¥æŠ¼20%,“大åšå°”å¯ä»¥æŠ¼40%。赢钱速度“大åšå°”å¿«å¤šäº†ï¼ å‰é¢ä¸æ˜¯è®²è¿‡“久赌必赢的游æˆåº”该选波动性å°çš„”å—? 说的就是这个了。
现实ä¸ï¼Œçˆ±çŽ©“å°åšå¤§”的多åŠæ˜¯èµŒå®¢ã€‚ è°çˆ±çŽ©“大åšå°”呢? 赌场ï¼åŽå°”è¡—çš„èŒä¸šæŠ•èµ„家们很多玩的也是“大åšå°”ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä¾¿äºŽä½¿ç”¨æ æ†ï¼ˆæŠ¼å¤§èµŒæ³¨ï¼‰ã€‚
$10000 * (1 * 0.51 – 0.49)/ 1 = $200
三个游æˆçš„æ•°å¦æœŸæœ›å€¼ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œéƒ½æ˜¯20%,或者说押100元平å‡èµ¢20元。 按大部分国人的赌性,æ怕会选“å°åšå¤§”游æˆå§ï¼Ÿä½†æ˜¯ç”¨å‡¯åˆ©å…¬å¼ä¸çš„“b”一除,“å°åšå¤§”游æˆåªèƒ½æŠ¼æ€»èµ„金的4%,“ä¸åšä¸”å¯ä»¥æŠ¼20%,“大åšå°”å¯ä»¥æŠ¼40%。赢钱速度“大åšå°”å¿«å¤šäº†ï¼ å‰é¢ä¸æ˜¯è®²è¿‡“久赌必赢的游æˆåº”该选波动性å°çš„”å—? 说的就是这个了。
现实ä¸ï¼Œçˆ±çŽ©“å°åšå¤§”的多åŠæ˜¯èµŒå®¢ã€‚ è°çˆ±çŽ©“大åšå°”呢? 赌场ï¼åŽå°”è¡—çš„èŒä¸šæŠ•èµ„家们很多玩的也是“大åšå°”ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä¾¿äºŽä½¿ç”¨æ æ†ï¼ˆæŠ¼å¤§èµŒæ³¨ï¼‰ã€‚
最åŽï¼Œå‡¯åˆ©å…¬å¼æŒ‡æ˜Žäº†é£Žé™©æŽ§åˆ¶çš„至关é‡è¦æ€§ï¼šå³ä¾¿æ˜¯æ£æœŸæœ›å€¼çš„游æˆä¹Ÿä¸èƒ½æŠ¼å¤ªå¤§çš„赌注。从数å¦ä¸Šè®²ï¼ŒæŠ¼æ³¨èµ„金比例超过了凯利值,长期的赢钱速度å而下é™ï¼Œè¿˜ä¼šå¤§å¤§å¢žåŠ 出现ç¾éš¾æ€§æŸå¤±çš„å¯èƒ½æ€§ã€‚举个æžç«¯çš„例åï¼Œå¦‚æžœä½ æ¯æ‰‹éƒ½æŠ¼ä¸Šå…¨éƒ¨èµ„金,那么ä¸ç®¡ä½ 赢过多少钱,åªè¦è¾“ä¸€æ¬¡å°±ç«‹åˆ»ç ´äº§ã€‚æ£æ‰€è°“ï¼šè¾›è¾›è‹¦è‹¦å‡ å年,一夜回到解放å‰
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