March 2008
Fri 7 Mar 2008
Thu 6 Mar 2008
Wed 5 Mar 2008
2006 rank:Â Â 9
Age: 42
It’s been a turbulent time for the banking giant ($89.6 billion in revenues; $240 billion market cap) and also for Krawcheck, who used to be chief financial officer. Amid problems with the stock and the ouster of Todd Thomson, Krawcheck was reassigned to his post as head of the $10 billion wealth management business. The move shrinks her profile on Wall Street, but it also proves that CEO Chuck Prince counts on her to calm troubled waters.
2006 rank:Â Â 13
Age: 49
In 2006, Media Networks’ operating income rose 12.5%, and revenues 10.8%, to $14.6 billion. Sweeney also added High School Musical to her roster of hit shows (Grey’s Anatomy, Dancing With the Stars). The Disney Channel phenomenon made it big on cable, the web, iTunes, and the stage, showing that she has a grip on multiplatform entertainment. Disney-ABC Television just signed a deal to offer its shows on AOL.
2006 rank:Â Â 12
Age: 55
MTV Networks delivers more than half of parent Viacom’s sales. Revenues in McGrath’s division rose 7% last year, to $7.2 billion, and operating income 11%. But youth culture is fickle, and MTV’s buzz has lessened since her mentor, Tom Freston, was fired in 2006. McGrath has her reputation for cutting-edge creativity riding on two projects: a social networking platform, Flux, and an investment in VBS.tv, the online video offshoot of hipster magazine Vice.
2006 rank:Â Â Return
Age: 44
Yahoo is smaller than Google, slower growing, and decidedly less fashionable. Google’s stock has risen smartly in the past year; Yahoo’s has fallen. But Decker’s career is only going up. A stock analyst who joined Yahoo as CFO in 2000, she was promoted to president in June to lead a turnaround. Warren Buffett gave her his vote of confidence: He named her to the Berkshire Hathaway board this year.
2006 rank:Â Â New
Age: 51
Greene has run VMware since founding it in 1998 with her husband, Mendel Rosenblum. She sold the company to EMC in 2004 for $625 million, then stayed on to continue running it. Still majority-owned by EMC but spun off in an August IPO, VMware is the fastest-growing and most influential enterprise software company Silicon Valley has seen in a decade – and worth a cool $26 billion.
2006 rank:Â Â 23
Age: 51
Like all the big banks, Bank of America has seen brighter days; its stock is trailing the S&P over the past year. But the situation could have been much worse. Brinkley sets the standards for market and operational risk; that BofA, which has huge retail operations, wasn’t too entangled in the subprime mess is to her credit. BofA is even trying to take advantage of the turmoil, investing $2 billion in troubled Countrywide Financial. After all, managing risks sometimes means taking them.
2006 rank:Â Â 22
Age: 40
After running GE Plastics for two years – and overseeing the first new polymer since the 1980s – Begley helped sell the unit to Saudi Basic Industries in May for $11.6 billion, a price that was considered a pleasant surprise. Now she’s running GE Enterprise Solutions, a new business focused on boosting productivity through technology and automation solutions. GE estimates that it will be an $11.6 billion operation. Begley will report directly to CEO Jeff Immelt.
2006 rank:Â Â 25
Age: 54
Miller’s division generates 14% of J.P. Morgan Chase’s $61 billion in revenues. Operating profits rose 21% last year and are heading up this year too. In the first half of 2007, Miller increased assets under custody by 32%, to $15.2 trillion; she oversees operations in 39 countries. She reports directly to CEO Jamie Dimon, her longtime mentor.
2006 rank:Â Â New
Age: 38
Sandberg’s division has helped make Google’s online ad network one of the world’s largest, and it accounts for more than half the company’s $10.6 billion in revenues. She is the youngest woman on our list.
2006 Total compensation: $9 million
Wed 5 Mar 2008
Wed 5 Mar 2008
大ãã分ã‘ã¦ã€ç¾Žå°‘女アニメã€SFアニメã€å†’é™ºã‚¢ãƒ‹ãƒ¡ã€æ ¼é—˜ç‰©ã€‚Comedyアニメã€Familyå‘ã‘アニメã¨ã‚る㌠| ||||||||
2008/03/05 | 10:48:08 | 008✿玲ç“心ï¼è¶£å‘³ï¼šã‚ã‹ã•ã‹ã•ã‹ã™ | hiro | what is sf | ||||
2008/03/05 | 10:48:20 | hiro | 008✿玲ç“心ï¼è¶£å‘³ï¼šã‚ã‹ã•ã‹ã•ã‹ã™ | Science fiction |
Mon 3 Mar 2008
ãŠã‚ˆã’!ãŸã„ã‚„ããã‚“
Â
servcorpçš„mmé€å°é±¼æ¥åƒï¼Œé—®æˆ‘有没有å¬è¿‡è¿™é¦–æŒï¼Œè¿žå¿™åŽ»youtube找æ¥,æ—¥æœ¬äººè¿˜æœ‰è¿™ä¹ˆå¹½é»˜çš„æŒæ¶…,刮下目å§ã€‚
Mon 3 Mar 2008
å®å¾®è§‚ç»æµŽå¦é‡ç‚¹æ¦‚念
10)          需求曲线:一ç§å•†å“的需求é‡å’Œå®ƒçš„ä»·æ ¼é—´çš„å‡½æ•°å…³ç³»çš„å›¾åƒã€‚
2ï¼‰æ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿ï¼šè¡¨ç¤ºåœ¨å好ä¸å˜çš„æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œæ¶ˆè´¹è€…ä»Žè¿™æ›²çº¿ä¸Šçš„ç‚¹æ‰€ä»£è¡¨çš„å•†å“组åˆä¸å¾—åˆ°çš„æ»¡è¶³ç¨‹åº¦æ˜¯ä¸€æ ·çš„ã€‚åœ¨æ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿å›¾é‡Œï¼Œç¦»åŽŸç‚¹è¶Šè¿œçš„æ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿ä»£è¡¨è¶Šé«˜çš„æ»¡è¶³ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚
3)å‡è¡¡ä»·æ ¼ï¼šæ˜¯å•†å“çš„ä¾›ç»™æ›²çº¿ä¸Žéœ€æ±‚æ›²çº¿ç›¸äº¤æ—¶çš„ä»·æ ¼ã€‚ä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯å•†å“的供给é‡ä¸Žéœ€æ±‚é‡ç›¸ç‰ï¼Œå•†å“çš„ä¾›ç»™ä»·æ ¼ä¸Žéœ€æ±‚ä»·æ ¼ç›¸ç‰æ—¶çš„ä»·æ ¼ã€‚
4)消费者剩余:消费者从商å“ä¸å¾—åˆ°çš„æ»¡è¶³ç¨‹åº¦å¤§äºŽå…¶æ‰€ä»˜å‡ºçš„ä»·æ ¼çš„éƒ¨åˆ†ã€‚å› ä¸ºæ¶ˆè´¹è€…æŒ‰ç…§æœ€åŽä¸€ä¸ªå•†å“的边际效用决定所有商å“çš„ä»·æ ¼ï¼Œè€Œè¿™æœ€åŽä¸€ä¸ªå•†å“之å‰çš„商å“的边际效用都大于这最åŽä¸€ä¸ªå•†å“,æ¤å¤§äºŽçš„部分,消费者没有付钱。
5)收入弹性:指商å“需求é‡å˜åŠ¨å¯¹æ”¶å…¥å˜åŠ¨çš„å应程度。收入弹性大于1的是奢侈å“,0——1之间的是必需å“,å°äºŽ0的是低档商å“。
6)交å‰å¼¹æ€§ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡æ¤å•†å“需求é‡å˜åŠ¨çš„ç™¾åˆ†æ¯”å¯¹æ¯”å•†å“ä»·æ ¼å˜åŠ¨ç™¾åˆ†æ¯”çš„å应程度。交å‰å¼¹æ€§å°äºŽ0的是互补商å“,大于0的是替代商å“,ç‰äºŽ0的是ä¸ç›¸å…³å•†å“。
7)边际技术替代率:是指一个生产è¦ç´ 替代å¦ä¸€ä¸ªç”Ÿäº§è¦ç´ 的比例,它是两个生产è¦ç´ è¾¹é™…äº§å‡ºä¹‹æ¯”çš„å€’æ•°ã€‚å› ä¸ºè¾¹é™…äº§å‡ºé€’å‡ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªç”Ÿäº§è¦ç´ 替代å¦ä¸€ä¸ªç”Ÿäº§è¦ç´ çš„é‡è¶Šæ¥è¶Šå°‘了,也就是边际替代率递å‡ã€‚
8)扩展路线:éšç€ç”Ÿäº§è§„模的扩大,把ç‰äº§é‡æ›²çº¿ä¸Žç‰æˆæœ¬æ›²çº¿çš„切点è”结起æ¥ï¼Œå°±å½¢æˆç”Ÿäº§æ‰©å±•路线。它表明生产规模扩大ã€äº§å‡ºæœ€ä¼˜çš„轨迹。
9)贡献利润:是指ä¼ä¸šçš„销售收入大于å˜åŠ¨æˆæœ¬çš„部分。å³å•†å“çš„ä»·æ ¼ä¸Žå¹³å‡å˜åŠ¨æˆæœ¬ä¹‹é—´çš„å·®é¢ã€‚
10)ä¸€çº§å·®åˆ«ä»·æ ¼ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¼ä¸šåˆ©ç”¨è¾¹é™…效用递å‡è§„å¾‹ï¼Œéšæ¯ä¸ªå•ä½çš„商å“é”€å”®çš„å¢žåŠ ï¼Œé€ä¸ªé™ä½Žå•†å“çš„ä»·æ ¼ï¼›å³å¯¹æ‰€å‡ºå”®çš„æ¯ä¸ªå•ä½çš„商å“都收å–å°½å¯èƒ½é«˜çš„ä»·æ ¼ï¼Œè¿™ç§æ¯ä¸ªå•ä½çš„商å“都ä¸åŒçš„ä»·æ ¼åˆç§°ä¸ºå®Œå…¨å·®åˆ«ä»·æ ¼ã€‚
11)äºŒçº§å·®åˆ«ä»·æ ¼ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¼ä¸šå¯¹æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªé¡¾å®¢åˆ¶å®šä¸åŒçš„ä»·æ ¼ï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯å¯¹åŒä¸€é¡¾å®¢çš„ä¸åŒè¾¹é™…效用制定ä¸åŒçš„ä»·æ ¼ã€‚
12)ä¸‰çº§å·®åˆ«ä»·æ ¼ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¼ä¸šæ ¹æ®ä¸åŒçš„市场ã€ä¸åŒçš„需求弹性制定ä¸åŒçš„ä»·æ ¼ï¼Œä»¥èŽ·å¾—åˆ©æ¶¦æžå¤§åŒ–。
13)自然垄æ–:是一ç§åˆç†çš„åž„æ–,它说明整个市场需求åªè¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªä¼ä¸šå°±èƒ½å¾—到满足,而ä¸éœ€è¦ä¸¤ä¸ªæˆ–更多ä¼ä¸šå‚与生产。尽管这ç§å‚与在技术上å¯è¡Œï¼Œä½†åœ¨æˆæœ¬ä¸Šè‚¯å®šä¸ç»æµŽã€‚
14ï¼‰å¸‚åœºç»æµŽï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¸€ç§é€šè¿‡å¸‚场机制实现社会资æºçš„高效é…置。
15ï¼‰å¼•è‡´æŠ•èµ„ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡æ”¿åºœé€šè¿‡ä¼˜æƒ åˆ©çŽ‡ã€ä¼˜æƒ ç¨ŽçŽ‡å’Œç‰¹æ®Šä»·æ ¼ç®¡ç†ç‰æŽªæ–½ï¼Œå¼•å¯¼éžæ”¿åºœæœºæž„æŒ‰ç…§æ”¿åºœçš„æ„æ„¿è¿›è¡ŒæŠ•资。
16ï¼‰ç›´æŽ¥è°ƒæŽ§ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡æ”¿åºœåˆ©ç”¨æ‰‹ä¸æŽŒæ¡çš„资æºï¼Œç”¨è¡Œæ”¿åŠžæ³•å¯¹ç»æµŽè¿è¡Œè¿›è¡Œç›´æŽ¥çš„è°ƒèŠ‚å’ŒæŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œä»¥è¾¾åˆ°æ”¿åºœæœŸæœ›çš„ç›®æ ‡ã€‚
17ï¼‰é—´æŽ¥è°ƒæŽ§ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡ä»¥ä»·æ ¼è°ƒèŠ‚ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œåœ¨å……åˆ†å°Šé‡å½“äº‹äººåˆ©ç›Šçš„åŸºç¡€ä¸Šï¼Œé€šè¿‡ä»–ä»¬çš„ç»æµŽè¡Œä¸ºçš„ååº”ï¼Œé€æ¸ä¼ å¯¼è‡³æ”¿åºœæœŸæœ›çš„ç»æµŽç›®æ ‡ä¸Šã€‚
18ï¼‰çŸæœŸå›½æ°‘æ¶ˆè´¹æ›²çº¿ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡åœ¨çŸæœŸå†…,表示国民收入和消费之间关系的曲线,其斜率(å³è¾¹é™…消费倾å‘)较å°ã€‚
19)长期国民消费曲线:是指在长期内,表示国民收入和消费之间关系的曲线,其斜率(å³è¾¹é™…消费倾å‘)较大。
20)乘数原ç†ï¼šæŒ‡æ¶ˆè´¹ã€æŠ•资和出å£ç‰å› ç´ çš„å˜åŒ–ï¼Œå¸¦åŠ¨å›½æ°‘æ”¶å…¥åŒæ–¹å‘çš„å€æ•°å˜åŒ–。
21ï¼‰åŠ é€ŸåŽŸç†ï¼šå›½æ°‘æ”¶å…¥çš„å¢žåŠ ä¼šå作作用于投资,使投资的增长快于国民收入的增长,或者投资的下é™å¿«äºŽå›½æ°‘收入的下é™ã€‚
22)财政政ç–ï¼šæ”¿åºœä¸ºè¾¾åˆ°æ—¢å®šçš„ç»æµŽç›®æ ‡è€Œå¯¹è´¢æ”¿æ”¶å…¥ã€è´¢æ”¿æ”¯å‡ºå’Œå…¬å€ºçš„å‘行和å¿è¿˜ä½œå‡ºçš„决ç–。
23)拉弗曲线:æç»˜æ”¿åºœç¨Žæ”¶å’Œç¨ŽçŽ‡å…³ç³»çš„æ›²çº¿ã€‚
24ï¼‰è´§å¸æ”¿ç–:ä¸å¤®é“¶è¡Œå€Ÿæ”¹å˜è´§å¸ä¾›ç»™é‡ä»¥å½±å“国民收入和利率的政ç–。
25)LM曲线:在曲线上的æ¯ä¸€ç‚¹ï¼Œåˆ©çŽ‡ä¸Žå›½æ°‘æ”¶å…¥çš„ç»„åˆæ˜¯ä¸åŒçš„,但货å¸ä¾›ç»™éƒ½ç‰äºŽè´§å¸éœ€æ±‚。
26)LS曲线:在利率与国民收入ä¸åŒç»„åˆæ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼ŒæŠ•资与储蓄相ç‰çš„æ›²çº¿ã€‚
27)ä¸å¯èƒ½å®šç†ï¼šåœ¨ä»»ä½•情况下,都ä¸å¯èƒ½ä»Žä¸ªäººåå¥½æ¬¡åºæŽ¨å¯¼å‡ºç¤¾ä¼šçš„å好次åºã€‚
28)科斯定ç†ï¼šé€šè¿‡äº§æƒåˆ¶åº¦çš„è°ƒæ•´ï¼Œå°†å•†å“æœ‰å®³çš„外部性内部化,从而将有害外部性é™ä½Žåˆ°æœ€ä½Žé™åº¦çš„ç†è®ºã€‚
29)收入消费曲线:将å‘å³ä¸Šæ–¹ç§»åŠ¨çš„æ¶ˆè´¹å¯èƒ½çº¿ä¸Žæ›´é«˜ä½ç½®çš„æ— 差异曲线的切点的连接线。
30ï¼‰æ©æ ¼å°”曲线:æè¿°æ”¶å…¥å¢žåŠ ä¸Žå•†å“需求é‡å˜åŠ¨ä¹‹é—´çš„å…³ç³»æ›²çº¿ã€‚
31)蛛网ç†è®ºï¼šæç»˜å‘¨æœŸç”Ÿäº§çš„商å“ä»·æ ¼å’Œäº§é‡çš„æ³¢åŠ¨å’Œè°ƒæ•´çš„åŠ¨æ€åŒ–过程的市场模型。
32ï¼‰é•¿æœŸå¹³å‡æˆæœ¬æ›²çº¿ï¼šæŒ‡åœ¨ä¸åŒçš„产出规模上,ä¼ä¸šç”Ÿäº§æœ€ä½Žæˆæœ¬çš„轨迹。
33)ä¼ä¸šï¼šä»¥ç”Ÿäº§å•†å“ã€æä¾›æœåŠ¡ã€å¢žåŠ æ•ˆç”¨çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œè¿½æ±‚利润最大化的独立商å“生产å•ä½ã€‚
34ï¼‰ç§æœ‰åˆ¶ï¼šæ˜¯è´¢äº§ï¼ˆç”Ÿäº§èµ„料和消费资料)所有æƒå½’ç§äººæ‰€æœ‰çš„一ç§åˆ¶åº¦ã€‚
35)国有制:是财产(生产资料和消费资料)所有æƒå½’国家(由政府管ç†ï¼‰çš„一ç§åˆ¶åº¦ã€‚
36)总供给:整个社会在æŸä¸€æ—¶æœŸæ‰€èƒ½æä¾›çš„æ€»äº§å‡ºï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯¥æ—¶æœŸå„ç§ç”Ÿäº§è¦ç´ 的总和。
37)总需求曲线:表明总需求数é‡ä¸Žä»·æ ¼æ°´å¹³å…³ç³»çš„一æ¡å‘下倾斜的曲线。
38ï¼‰æ€»ä¾›ç»™æ›²çº¿ï¼šè¡¨æ˜Žä»·æ ¼æ°´å¹³è¶Šé«˜ï¼ŒæŠ•èµ„çš„æ•ˆçŽ‡ä¹Ÿè¶Šé«˜çš„ä¸€æ¡å‘上倾斜的曲线。
39)MM定ç†ï¼šåœ¨ä¸€å®šçš„æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œæ— è®ºä¼ä¸šè¿›è¡Œè´Ÿå€ºç¹èµ„,还是进行æƒç›Šèµ„本ç¹èµ„,都部影å“ä¼ä¸šçš„市场总价值。
40)财务风险:到期ä¸èƒ½å¿è¿˜çš„风险。
41)投资风险:指资产在è¿è¡Œè¿‡ç¨‹ä¸æ‰€é‡åˆ°çš„市场风险和ç»è¥é£Žé™©ã€‚
42ï¼‰è¿›å£æ›¿ä»£æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼šç”¨æœ¬å›½äº§å“æ¥æ›¿ä»£è¿›å£å“,或者说通过é™åˆ¶å·¥ä¸šåˆ¶æˆå“çš„è¿›å£æ¥ä¿ƒè¿›æœ¬å›½å·¥ä¸šåŒ–的战略。
43)汇率:一个国家货å¸ä¸Žå¦ä¸€ä¸ªå›½å®¶çš„è´§å¸çš„äº¤æ¢æ¯”例,也是以一ç§è´§å¸è¡¨ç¤ºçš„å¦ä¸€ç§è´§å¸çš„ä»·æ ¼ã€‚
相对优势原ç†ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¸€ä¸ªå›½å®¶åº”当生产并出å£å…·æœ‰ç›¸å¯¹ä¼˜åŠ¿çš„äº§å“å’ŒæœåŠ¡ï¼›åŒæ—¶åº”当进å£å¤„于相对劣势的产å“å’ŒæœåŠ¡ã€‚
å¤–è´¸ä¹˜æ•°ï¼šæ˜¯æŒ‡åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªå¼€æ”¾åž‹ç»æµŽé‡Œï¼Œä¸€ç§æ³¨å…¥å› ç´ ï¼Œæ— è®ºæ˜¯æŠ•èµ„ã€æ”¿åºœè´ä¹°æˆ–出å£çš„å˜åŒ–ä¼šå¼•èµ·å›½æ°‘æ”¶å…¥ä»¥çš„å€æ•°å˜åŒ–
转载请注明出自 VipKy.com è€ƒç ”ä¸“ä¸šè¯¾äº¤æµç¤¾åŒº 原贴地å€:http://www.vipky.com/thread-2755-1-1.html
Mon 3 Mar 2008
æ–°ä¸œæ–¹å¦æ ¡
1〠On this area of the sea, the pandas like to drink tea with peas in soda.在海里的这个地区,熊猫们喜欢就ç€è‹æ‰“碗豆å–茶。
2〠And the Oceanian militias like to go to cafeteria via the peninsula with a formula of dramas.而大洋州的民兵则喜欢ç»è¿‡åŠå²›ï¼Œå¸¦ç€ç¼–剧本的公å¼ä¸Šé¤åŽ…åŽ»ã€‚
3〠T### are extra operas as well as bananas in a cinema nearby. The zebra in this era get attracted by the antennas outside.附件的电影院里有é¢å¤–çš„æŒå‰§å’Œé¦™è•‰ï¼Œè¿™ä¸€æ—¶ä»£çš„æ–‘马们被外é¢çš„天线所å¸å¼•。
4〠The crab in lab wants to stab a lamb with his rib, whose limbs were like bulbs.实验室里的蟹想用它的肋骨去戳四肢象ç¯ç‚®çš„å°ç¾Šã€‚
But the lamb uses her thumb to bomb the crab’s dumb comb and sends it to the tomb.但å°ç¾Šç”¨æ‹‡æŒ‡æŠ•了个炸弹,炸ä¸äº†èŸ¹çš„哑梳å,把它é€è¿›äº†åŸå¢“。
5〠Meanwhile, the mob outside robs her and the lamb sobs in the cafeteria.这时,门外的乌åˆä¹‹ä¼—抢劫了å°ç¾Šï¼Œå®ƒåªå¾—在é¤åŽ…é‡ŒæŠ½æ³£ã€‚
6〠So she absorbs herself in rubbing tubs in a club in the suburb, only to avoid being disturbed by the mob.于是它专心地躲在郊外的一个俱ä¹éƒ¨é‡Œæ“¦æ‹æµ´ç›†ï¼Œé€ƒé¿ä¹Œåˆä¹‹ä¼—们的打扰。
The specifically pacific gives a magic mechanic to catholic republic publically with terrific photography and academic logics. 特别爱好和平的商人们公开地给了宽容的共和国一个é”åŠ›çš„æŠ€å·¥ï¼Œè¿žåŒæžå¦™çš„照片åŠå¦æœ¯æ€§çš„逻辑å¦ã€‚
7〠And a dynamic clinic shows the traffickers the formula of cosmic economics organically on a panicky picnic. è€Œä¸€é—´å……æ»¡æ´»åŠ›çš„è¯Šæ‰€åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªææ…Œçš„野é¤ä¼šä¸Šç»™å•†äººä»¬æœ‰æœºåœ°å±•ç¤ºäº†å®‡å®™ç»æµŽå¦çš„å…¬å¼ã€‚
8〠So the heroic lamb flies from the atmosp### Antarctic at a supersonic speed, who then corrects them with a photoelectric lactic synthetically.æ•…æ¤ï¼Œè‹±å‹‡çš„å°ç¾Šä»Žå—æžçš„大气层以超声速飞æ¥ï¼Œå¹¶ç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªç»¼åˆçš„光电ç–ç•¥è§‚çº æ£äº†ä»–们。
9〠Even the static critic feels her solution energetic and sympathetic, just like piece of magnetic music with arithmetic.ç”šè‡³è¿žé™æ€æ‰¹è¯„家都觉得这一解决方å¼å¯Œæœ‰æ´»åŠ›ï¼ŒåŠåŒæƒ…å¿ƒï¼Œå°±å¦‚ä¸€æ›²æœ‰ç£æ€§æœ‰è®¡ç®—æ„味的音ä¹ã€‚
10〠The patriotic and enthusiastic has a lot of elastic plastics domestically and fantastically, too.爱国而åˆçƒæƒ…的评论家还有许多弹性的塑料å“在家ä¸ï¼Œå……满了想象。
11〠The odd lad’s pad makes his thread mad.这个奇怪的å°ä¼™å的填料让线å˜ç–¯äº†ã€‚
12〠His succeeding advanced deeds exceed the critic’s proceeding feed of bleeding need, too.他连ç»ä¸æ–的先进行为也超过了评论家æ£åœ¨ç ”制的以æµè¡€çš„贫穷制作的饲料。
13〠The greedy reed speeds breeding its seeds in the shed.è´ªå©ªçš„èŠ¦è‹‡åŠ å¿«åœ¨å°å±‹åŸ¹è‚²ç§å。
14〠A crowd of wicked naked girls get accustomed to so-called being learned, as well as the hatred of being sacred.一群邪æ¶çš„è£¸å¥³ä¹ æƒ¯äº†æ‰€è°“çš„æœ‰å¦é—®ï¼Œå’Œå¯¹ç¥žåœ£çš„厌æ¶ã€‚
15〠A sophisticated house was situated undoubtedly on an unlimited road, owned by a complicated wedding beloved maid who was afraid of air-raid.æ¯«æ— ç–‘é—®ï¼Œä¸€åº§å¤æ‚而先进的房å,座è½åœ¨ä¸€æ¡æ— é™åˆ¶çš„é©¬è·¯ä¸Šï¼Œç”±ä¸€ä¸ªå¤æ‚å—到爱戴的结婚少女所拥有,她害怕空è¢ã€‚
16〠The stupid invalid has rigidly forbidden the kid’s bidding for the producing of solid acid in a humid, but splendid field with a rapid lid. æ„šè ¢çš„ç—…äººä¸¥åŽ‰åœ°ç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªå¿«ç›–åç¦æ¢äº†å°å©å¯¹åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªæ½®æ¹¿è€ŒåŽä¸½çš„åœ°å¸¦ç”Ÿäº§å›ºä½“é…¸çš„æŠ•æ ‡ã€‚
17〠But the wild child boldly gets rid of him with a fluid shield and has yielded a building without welds.但这狂野的å°å©å‹‡æ•¢åœ°ä»¥ä¸€ç§æµä½“质除去了他,æˆåŠŸåœ°ç”Ÿäº§äº†ä¸€åº§æ— ç„Šç‚¹çš„å»ºç‘。
18〠After upholding to scold the folded wife, a second-hand husband moulds the threshold in shorthand on the highland.在赞æˆè´£éª‚被折å 的妻å之åŽï¼ŒäºŒæ‰‹ä¸ˆå¤«åœ¨é«˜åœ°ä»¥é€Ÿè®°æ³•铸æˆäº†ä¸€ä¸ªé—¨æ§›ã€‚
19〠Demands of beforehand commands expand so rapidly that several grand bands of them have already withstood their descenderce of both prices and manufactures.对预è¦å‘½ä»¤çš„éœ€æ±‚æ‰©å¼ å¾—å¦‚æ¤ä¹‹å¿«ï¼Œä»¥è‡´äºŽæœ‰å‡ 个大å“牌已能ç»å—ä»·æ ¼åŠäº§é‡çš„下跌。
20〠My legendary friend has recommended me to the lent to blend our weekends with suspension of less expense. æˆ‘ä¼ è¯´ä¸çš„æœ‹å‹å·²æŽ¨è我被借去把我们的周末与å‡å°‘花费的暂åœç›¸æ³¯åˆã€‚
21〠The trend of pretending to contend has extended.å‡è£…æ–—äº‰çš„è¶‹åŠ¿å·²å»¶ä¼¸åˆ°äº†æ†æ‰Žä¸åŒç§ç±»çš„磨石,
22〠The ground stone wound by bonds was fond of the bond of diamonds and was corresponding to a bound fund beyond. è¢«å€ºåˆ¸ç¼ èº«çš„ç£¨çŸ³å¯¹é’»çŸ³è¾¹åæœ‰å…´è¶£ï¼Œè¿˜å’Œè¿œå¤„的约æŸåŸºé‡‘有通信。
23〠The profound compound has surrounded a sound Oceanian cafeteria. 深奥的化åˆç‰©åŒ…围了一间å¥å…¨çš„大洋州é¤åŽ…ã€‚
24〠The method of keeping a good mood is to have enough food during the period of childhood and nod once in a while.ä¿æŒå¥½å¿ƒæƒ…的方法就是在儿时有足够的食物和时常点头。
25〠On regard to the standard of beard, Lao Sha’s detruded rod maybe well concerned.关于胡åçš„æ ‡å‡†ï¼Œè€æ²™æ‰”掉的鱼æ†å¯è¢«è€ƒè™‘。
26〠An awkward steward has been reward with a straight forward award for his being a coward.一个笨拙的æœåŠ¡å› æ€¯æ‡¦è€Œè¢«æŽˆäºˆäº†ä¸€ä»½ç›´ç™½çš„å¥–å“。
27〠The applauding shepherd in the yard cannot offer the hazard of laughing at the absurd landlord who has a sword in his hand. 院å里æ£åœ¨é¼“æŽŒçš„ç‰§äººæ— æ³•æ‰¿å—嘲笑那个手里有剑的è’å”地主的代价。
28〠Everybody in the tribe has to be in robe and describe the prescription subscribe by the global probe.这个部è½çš„æ¯ä¸ªäººéƒ½å¿…é¡»ç©¿é•¿è¢ï¼Œæè¿°ç”±å…¨çƒåŒ–侦探订è´çš„处方。
29〠The graceful preface was laced by a commonplace piece near the furnace in the palace without any trace of embrace. 这份优雅的å‰è¨€æ˜¯ç”±ä¸€ä¸ªå¹³å‡¡çš„ä¾å¥³åœ¨å®«æ®¿é‡Œçš„ç«ç‚‰è¾¹ï¼Œä¸ç•™ä½æ‹¥æŠ±è¿‡çš„痕迹而系上带å的。
30〠The office’s prejudice of the masterpiece has made the police sliced as some nice sacrifice.办公室对åè‘—çš„åè§ä½¿å¾—è¦å¯Ÿè¢«åˆ‡æˆç»†ç‰‡å½“作牺牲。
31〠Our choice of justice has led to the abundant service of juice and device of attendance.我们的æ£ä¹‰é€‰æ‹©å¯¼è‡´äº†ä¸°å¯Œçš„æ±æ¶²ä¾›åº”åŠç…§çœ‹è®¾è®¡ã€‚
32〠The reliance of appliance has enhanced the resemblance of the financial romance with the ambulance.å¯¹å™¨æ¢°çš„ä¿¡èµ–ä¿ƒè¿›äº†è´¢æ”¿ä¼ å¥‡å’Œæ•‘æŠ¤è½¦çš„ç›¸ä¼¼ã€‚
33〠The appearance of his glance makes my acquaintance lose his tolerance at the entrance of New Oriental School.他那一眼的出现让我的熟人在新东方入å£å¤„å¤±åŽ»äº†è€æ€§ã€‚
34〠The nuisance’s ignorance gives us no assurance of our own endurance or importance.é‚£ä¸ªå¯æ¶çš„æ— çŸ¥ä½¿æˆ‘ä»¬æ— æ³•ä¿è¯æˆ‘ä»¬çš„è€æ€§åŠé‡è¦æ€§ã€‚
35〠The distant substance advances under the circum stance with resistance and no assistance.è¿œæ–¹çš„ç‰©ä½“åœ¨åˆæœ‰åŽ‹åŠ›åˆæ²¡æ´åŠ©çš„çŽ¯å¢ƒä¸‹å‰è¿›ã€‚
36〠Our evident fence around the residence is our confidence of correspondent defence.我们ä½å®…å‘¨å›´æ˜Žæ˜¾çš„æ …æ æ˜¯æˆ‘们相应防å«çš„信心。
37〠The experience as audience gives us both conscience and obedience which will then lead to our patience instead of violence.åšå¬ä¼—çš„ç»éªŒä½¿å¾—我们有了良心和顺从,这将让我们具备è€å¿ƒè€Œéžæš´åŠ›ã€‚
38〠The absence of essence and reference has made the conference less important.è¦ç‚¹å’Œå‚照的缺ä¹ä½¿å¾—大会ä¸é‚£ä¹ˆé‡è¦äº†ã€‚
39〠A scarce fierce bird can easily pierce a commercial boat with great force.一åªç稀的猛禽能轻易地用力é‡ç©¿é€ä¸€åªå•†èˆ¹ã€‚
40〠The reinforcement of sauce is the source of increasing divorce.调味å“çš„åŠ å¼ºæ˜¯ç¦»å©šå¢žåŠ çš„æºæ³‰ã€‚
41〠The production of deducing the inducement has been reduced after a newer introduction.对说明进行演绎的产é‡åœ¨æ–°çš„引进之åŽå°±å‡å°‘了。
42〠The spade has faded after being invaded by the parade.é“铲在å—到游行侵略åŽå°±é€€è‰²äº†ã€‚
43〠Superman has provided a chance to his girl of being a canning bide. The wedding was hold by a guide at the seaside. The crowed was divided into three sides in the uploming tide. What coincides is that the girl ran away. She rode a pride horse and sliode, then she slides with a glider made of hidden hide.
44〠The code for the mode of electrodes has included explosion.电焊æ¡çš„准则就包å«äº†çˆ†ç ´ã€‚
45〠The magnitude of gratitude depends on both of its multitude and crude attitude.感激的é‡è¦æ€§ä¸»è¦å–决于其数é‡åŠåŽŸå§‹çš„æ€åº¦ã€‚
46〠The guarantee committee has foreseen the employee spending his life safely in the cafe. æ‹…ä¿å§”员会已预è§åˆ°äº†é›‡å‘˜åœ¨å’–啡馆里安度一生了。
47〠The manager has the courage to fill the garage with pages of image for storage. ç»ç†æœ‰å‹‡æ°”用图片把车库填满,作为储备。
48〠My pledge is the savage’s badge of knowledge know the hedge.我的承诺就是野人们从篱笆那得æ¥çš„çŸ¥è¯†å¾½ç« ã€‚
49〠Lao Sha lodges in a ridge with a bowl of porridge on a wedge of the ridge.
è€æ²™ç›–房在屋脊楔åä¸Šçš„å†°å’Œé‡Œï¼Œæ‰‹ä¸æ‹¿ç€ä¸€ç¢—粥。
50〠Range of arivilege obligations was arranged with great challenges.ç‰¹åˆ«è´£æˆæƒçš„范围在排列时é‡åˆ°æŒ‘战。
51〠The revenging savages have charged into the lounge and took away all the sponges. Their emergence has discharged all forgery of gauged refuge and this has then urged the officers to enlarge the hinge of the door. 一群å¤ä»‡çš„野人冲入休æ¯å®¤ï¼ŒæŠ¢èµ°äº†å…¨éƒ¨çš„æµ·ç»µï¼Œä»–ä»¬çš„å‡ºçŽ°ä½¿æ‰€æœ‰ä¼ªé€ çš„ç²¾ç¡®é‡è¿‡çš„é¿éš¾å¤„è¢«è§£é™¤äº†ï¼Œè¿«ä½¿æœ‰å…³å®˜å‘˜åŠ å¤§äº†é—¨çš„é“°é“¾ã€‚
52〠A mistake in staking can overtake you like an earthquake.ä¸‹æ³¨çš„ä¸€ä¸ªé”™è¯¯èƒ½è±¡åœ°éœ‡ä¸€æ ·åŽ‹å€’ä½ ã€‚
53〠The joker was choked by a stroke of smoke for his undue provoking. 说笑è¯çš„äººå› ä»–çš„æŒ‘é€—è¢«ä¸€é˜µçƒŸæ¢—ä½äº†ã€‚
54〠The pale scale on sale probably has a stale tale. å‡ä»·å‡ºå”®çš„天平很å¯èƒ½æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªé™ˆæ—§çš„æ•…事。
55〠An agreeable fable comes from a noticeable cable which has been supposed to reliable and remarkable for an available variable. The message has enabled the questionable to the reasonable, unreasonable capable, considerable unbearable and preferable innumerable.一个宜人的故事从一æ¡è¢«è®¤ä¸ºæ˜¯å¯é 且å¯è§‚çš„é‡è¦ç”µç¼†ä¼ 给了一个å¯èŽ·å¾—çš„å˜é‡ã€‚这一消æ¯ä½¿å¯ç–‘的东西å˜å¾—有ç†ç”±ï¼Œæ— ç†çš„东西å˜å¾—有能力,å¯è§‚的东西å˜å¾—ä¸å¯å¿å—,而å¯å–的东西则å˜å¾—æ— å¯è®¡æ•°äº†ã€‚
56〠Some indispensable vegetables has been ratably portable and stable in a feeble babble. 有些ä¸å¯æˆ–缺的蔬èœåœ¨è™šå¼±çš„æ°´æ± ä¸å˜å¾—éžå¸¸è½»ä¾¿ä¸”稳定。
57〠Bible incredibly complete, not negligible, terribly feasible, though not visible, responsibly sensible and flexible as well.åœ£ç»æ˜¯ä»¤äººéš¾ä»¥ç½®ä¿¡åœ°å®Œå¤‡ï¼Œä¸å¯å¿½ç•¥ï¼Œæžæ˜“实行,虽眼ä¸èƒ½è§ï¼Œå´ä¹Ÿè´Ÿè´£åœ°ä½¿äººæ˜Žæ™ºï¼Œçµæ´»æ“作。
58〠It’s a miracle to see a noble tumble humbly before the cheap spectacles of the poor uncles of farmers. <
/span>能看è§ä¸€ä¸ªè´µæ—å‘è´±åœ°åœ¨ä¸€ç¾¤å†œæ°‘çš„ä¼¯ä¼¯è·Ÿå‰æ‰“滚真是一个奇迹。
59〠Stumbled by soluble marble saddle, I saw a bundle of rifles with the struggling of a triangle eagle, which was raged by some rifles. æˆ‘è¢«ä¸€ä¸ªå¯æº¶å¤§ç†çŸ³åšçš„马éžç»Šå€’åŽï¼Œéšç€ä¸€åªè¢«ç了激怒的三角形è€é¹°çš„æŒ£æ‰Žï¼Œæˆ‘çœ‹åˆ°äº†ä¸€æ†æ¥æžªã€‚
60〠The hills of reconciliation have bear compiled by the versatile man with a hostile tackle in the fertile wrinkles. 调解的档案已由一个多æ‰ä¹‹äººç”¨æ•Œå›½çš„器械在一个肥沃的皱纹里编辑完毕。61〠We have a brittle bottle in which a startle castle was settled.
62〠A mule of molecule has been scheduled. 一头分ååšéª¡å被安排好了。
63〠The Queen is a famed supremacy by the fame of themes of her husband’s scheme. 女王是由她丈夫设定的计划主题框架
64〠Handsome men are wholesome, though tiresome. 英俊的男人有益å¥åº·ï¼Œè™½ä¹Ÿä»¤äººç–²å€¦ã€‚
65〠The mining of pining nine has led to the lack of genuine magazine.对æ¾ç±»è—¤çš„开采导致了真弹è¯çš„缺ä¹ã€‚
66〠The throne of limestone was hoed by the farmers on canoe.石ç°çŽ‹åº§è¢«ç‹¬æœ¨èˆ¹ä¸Šçš„å†œæ°‘é”„å了。
67〠Some ripe grapes have been scraped into stripes. 有些æˆç†Ÿçš„è‘¡è„è¢«æ“¦æˆæ¡çŠ¶ã€‚
68〠Our warfare welfare was declared to be prepared in the flare of people’s glare.我们的战争ç¦åˆ©åœ¨æ°‘众的怒视的目光ä¸è¢«å®£å¸ƒå·²å‡†å¤‡å°±ç»ªã€‚
69〠Hegemony ad###s not only on both hemisp###s, but also upwards to our commonly shared atmosp###. 霸æƒä¸»ä¹‰ä¸ä¸Šå˜åœ¨äºŽä¸œè¥¿åŠçƒï¼Œè¿˜å˜åœ¨äºŽå¤§æ°”层。
70〠The entire empire was highly inspired by the desire of grasping the wire bire. 整个å¸å›½è¢«æ”«å–电线胎的欲望所鼓动起æ¥ã€‚
71〠Never ignore your sore caused by the ore. ç»ä¸è¦å°è§†ç”±çŸ¿çŸ³å¼•起的疼痛。
72〠Your obscure procedure has secured the immeasurable treasure and ensures the leisure enclosure of any possible exposure. ä½ ä»¬æ¨¡ç³Šä¸æ¸…的程åºå°†ä¿è¯ä¼šå¾—åˆ°æ— æ•°çš„çå®ï¼Œå¹¶å°†è½»æ¾åœ°ä¿è¯ä¸å«æœ‰ä»»ä½•æ›å…‰çš„å¯èƒ½ã€‚
73〠A mature creature features with better architecture and venture.æˆç†Ÿçš„äººä»¥æ¯”å‰æ›´å¥½çš„建ç‘设计åŠå†’险特å¾ã€‚
74〠This gesture is actually a torture for the captured man with such high moisture. åœ¨å¦‚æ¤æ½®æ°”之下,这ç§è£…扮实际是对这个被æ•者的折磨。
75〠Paradise has concise promise and precise merchandise such as tortoise and compro
mise of despised praise. å¤©å ‚æœ‰ç®€æ˜Žçš„è®¸è¯ºï¼Œç²¾ç¡®çš„å•†å“,如龟åŠå¯¹è¢«è”‘视赞美的妥å。
76〠A disguise comprises an enterprise and good supervision. 伪装由计划和良好的监ç£ç»„æˆã€‚
77〠Condensing this dense material will take immerse expense and intense work. 压缩这一密度大的物质将花费巨大的开支åŠç´§å¼ 的工作。
78〠King’s purpose of imposing a new tax has been soon exposed and even the decomposed dead will be supposed to oppose his luxurious proposal. å›½çŽ‹åŠ å¾æ–°ç¨Žçš„目的很快被告之于众,甚至连土里烂掉的æ»äººä¹Ÿåº”该起æ¥å对他é¡åŽçš„æ±‚婚。
79〠A glimpse of the eclipse is enough to disperse your coarse verses poems from your cursed horseback. çœ‹ä¸€çœ¼æ—¥é£Ÿå°±è¶³ä»¥é©±æ•£ä½ åœ¨ä½ è¯¥è¯…å’’çš„é©¬èƒŒä¸Šå¾—æ¥çš„粗糙的诗å¥ã€‚
80〠Their pause of applause shall have no excuse. 他们的暂åœé¼“掌将ä¸ä¼šæœ‰ä»»ä½•借å£ã€‚
81〠A mouse in our warehouse has been aroused by the greenhouse effect and it can amuse everyone. 我家库房里有åªè€é¼ è¢«æ¸©å®¤æ•ˆåº”å”¤é†’ï¼Œå®ƒèƒ½å–æ‚¦äºŽäººã€‚
82〠Lao Sha’s dedicated debate indicates that his delicate certificate of a good speaker has no complicated duplicate and can hardly be located by his advocates.
83〠A number of candidates have consolidated their accommodation with investigation and appreciation. ä¸€äº›å€™é€‰äººå·²ç”¨è°ƒæŸ¥åŠæ„Ÿæ¿€å·©å›ºäº†ä»–们的ä½å¤„。
84〠Appropriate intermediate can radiate without much deviation since its initiation. 适当的媒介å¯ä»¥åœ¨è¾å°„开始时就产生较å°å差。
85〠You can regulate the ventilation of the insulators by calculating the circulation of manipulated chocolate. ä½ å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡è®¡ç®—æœºå—æŽ§å·§å…‹åŠ›çš„å¾ªçŽ¯æ¥è°ƒèŠ‚ç»ç¼˜ä½“的通风。
86〠Our classmates in the senate have designated their fascinating subordinates to coordinate the origination and elimination of the dominant anticipation. 我们å‚议院的åŒå¦å·²æŒ‡æ´¾ä»–们迷人的下属åè°ƒä¸»å¯¼æœŸæœ›çš„äº§ç”ŸåŠæ¶ˆç。
87〠Fortunately, the main illumination has become moderate after the exaggerated overuse of the rated generutor and the cars are accelerating with less tolerance and deliberate vibration. 很幸è¿åœ°ï¼Œä¸»ç…§æ˜Žç³»ç»Ÿåœ¨æ»¡å—骂åçš„å‘电机被夸大的超负è¿è½¬ä¸‹å¾—以è¿è½¬æœ‰åº¦ï¼Œè½¦å也更ä¸è€å¿ƒåœ°åŠ é€Ÿç€ï¼Œè¿˜æ•…æ„地振动ç€ã€‚
88〠With the collaboration of the elaborate evaporating system, the demonstration can perforate the decorated confidence of the concentrated audience without much illustration or frustration accurately. 在精细的蒸å‘系统的帮助下,演示能ä¸ç”¨ä»»ä½•æ’图或挫折就穿过全神贯注的观众们矫饰的自信。
89〠The evaluation of an athlete will fluctuate or elevate if he has been better cultivated or hesitate to imitate a greater graduate concretely. 对è¿åŠ¨å‘˜çš„ä¼°ä»·å°†ä¼šæ³¢åŠ¨æˆ–ä¸Šå‡ï¼Œå¦‚果他å—到了更好的教化或者在模仿。
90〠Lao Yu’s citation has ignited the infinite spite of his favorite’s appetite. è€ä¿žçš„å¼•ç”¨ç‚¹ç‡ƒäº†ä»–å® ç‰©èƒƒå£çš„æ— 陿€¨æ¨ã€‚
91ã€
A acute persecutor has been executed with salutes of flutes, and refutation of an absolute mute. 一个为害æžå¤§çš„迫害者在笛å的致敬和一个全哑之人的驳斥声ä¸è¢«å¤„决了。
92〠His institute has constituted a substitute for disputers with minute route of rescuers. ä»–çš„å¦é™¢å·²ç»„建了带有一å°è·¯æ‹¯æ•‘队的争论者的替代者。
93〠This vague dialog of fatigue has been catalogued with its analogues.这一ç§å…³äºŽç–²ä¹çš„对è¯å·²ä¸Žå…¶ç±»ä¼¼çš„东西一起被编入了目录。
94〠The pursuit of the police’s unique technique has made the avenue a new clue of the tissue case. è¦æ–¹å¯¹ä»–ä»¬ç‹¬ç‰¹æŠ€æœ¯çš„è¿½å‡»ä½¿å¾—å¤§é“æˆä¸ºäº†ç»‡ç‰©è¿™æ¡ˆå的新线索。
95〠Our brave weavers have turned their pavement grave of their slave-owners. 我们英勇的织工已把人行é“å˜æˆäº†ä»–们主人的åŸå¢“。
96〠The grieving divers have conceived the deceit without any received perception. 悲哀的潜水员们已构æ€å‡ºä¸ä¼šè¢«å¯Ÿè§‰çš„骗局。
97〠The thriving races are striving for a decisive derivation of their deprived rights. å‘展ä¸çš„ç§æ—们æ£å¥‹æ–—ç€ï¼Œä»¥æœŸèƒ½èŽ·å¾—å¯¹ä»–ä»¬å¤±åŽ»æƒåˆ©å†³å®šæ€§çš„æ¥æºã€‚
98〠Successive massive explosive has been approved to be too aggressive and excessive for any progressive impressions. 连ç»ä¸æ–的大å—爆è¯è¢«è¯æ˜Žå¯¹äºŽè¿›æ¥å°è±¡è€Œè¨€è¿‡äºŽå…·ä¾µç•¥æ€§ä»¥åŠè¿‡å¤šäº†ã€‚
99〠Nothing can be comparative alternative to regenerative initiative or negative representatives. 没什么东西å¯ä»¥ä½œä¸ºæ–°ç”Ÿçš„è¿›å–心或是消æžä»£è¡¨çš„å¯ç›¸æ¯”拟的替代者。
100〠The conservative detectives have made themselves both qualitatively and quantitatively destructive and sensitive for positive perspective respectively. 这群ä¿å¯†çš„ä¾¦æŽ¢æŠŠä»–ä»¬è‡ªå·±å˜æˆä¸è®ºæ˜¯åœ¨é‡ä¸Šè¿˜æ˜¯åœ¨è´¨ä¸Šéƒ½æ—¢æ•感åˆå…·ç ´å力,这是为了他们å„è‡ªçš„å‰æ™¯è€ƒè™‘。
Â
Mon 3 Mar 2008
ç»æµŽå¦åè¯è§£é‡Š
  1. å¾®è§‚ç»æµŽå¦äºŽå®è§‚ç»æµŽå¦ 2. 需求 3. 供给 4.å‡è¡¡ä»·æ ¼ 5. 消费者剩余 6. 生产者剩余 7. 需求弹性 8.供给弹性 9.效用 10. 基数效用论 11.边际效用递å‡è§„律 12. åºæ•°æ•ˆç”¨è®º 13. æ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿ 14. 预算约æŸçº¿ 15.消费者å‡è¡¡ 16.脊线 17.收入效应与替代效应 18.柯布-铿 ¼æ‹‰æ–¯å‡½æ•° 19.生产函数 20.å‰èЬ[wiki]商[/wiki]å“ 21. 边际替代率 22. 边际收益递å‡è§„律 23.规模收益 24.å†…åœ¨ç»æµŽä¸Žå¤–åœ¨ç»æµŽ 25. 技术替代率 26.生产è¦ç´ æŠ•å…¥çš„ç»æµŽåŒºåŸŸ 27. 生产è¦ç´ æœ€ä¼˜ç»„åˆ 28.利润最大化原则 29. 机会[wiki]æˆæœ¬[/wiki]ä¸Žç»æµŽæˆæœ¬ 30.çŸæœŸæˆæœ¬ä¸Žé•¿æœŸæˆæœ¬ 31.æˆæœ¬å‡½æ•° 32.厂商å‡è¡¡ 33.完全竞争 34.P=MC 35.完全竞争厂商(行业)的供给曲线 36.完全竞争厂商的关é—点(åœæ¢ç”Ÿäº§ç‚¹) 37. å®Œå…¨åž„æ– 38. 产å“差别 39. åž„æ–竞争 40. å¯¡å¤´åž„æ– 41. 折æ‹çš„需求曲线 42. 差别/æ§è§†ä»·æ ¼ 43. 串谋 44.éžä»·æ ¼ç«žäº‰ 45. å¡ç‰¹å°” 46. ä»·æ ¼é¢†å¯¼ 47.å¤è¯ºè§£(åŒå¤´å¸‚场的基本模型) 48.引致需求 49. è¾¹é™…æ”¶ç›Šäº§å“ 50. 边际产å“价值 51. 局部å‡è¡¡ä¸Žä¸€èˆ¬å‡è¡¡ 52.契约曲线 53.第一ç¦åˆ©ç»æµŽå¦å®šç†ä¸Žç¬¬äºŒç¦åˆ©ç»æµŽå¦å®šç† 54.ç¤¾ä¼šæ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿ 55. å¸‚åœºå¤±çµ 56.å…¬å…±ç‰©å“ 57.外在性 58.æ”¿åºœå¤±çµ 59.æ©æ ¼å°”系数 60. 基尼系数 61.åŸƒå¥‡æ²ƒæ€æ¡†å›¾ 62.阿罗ä¸å¯èƒ½å®šç† 63.支付矩阵 64.自然å£åž’与ç–略性å£åž’ 65. 纳什å‡è¡¡ 66.ç§‘æ–¯å®šç† 67.æä¾¿è½¦ 68. å应函数 69.é£Žé™©å›žé¿ 70.é“德风险 71.逆å‘选择 72. 里昂裼夫生产函数 73.ä¼ä¸šçš„ç›®æ ‡ 74. 公共地悲剧 75. 生产å¯èƒ½æ€§æ›²çº¿ 76. 市场效率 77.强显现å好定ç†ä¸Žå¼±æ˜¾çްåå¥½å®šç† 78.[wiki]ä¿¡æ¯[/wiki]ä¸å¯¹ç§° 79.委托-代ç†äºº 80.资本市场 81.è´§å¸å¸‚场 82.指数(拉æ°,帕æ°) 83.è™šæ‹Ÿç»æµŽ 84. 寻租活动 85. è¯åˆ¸å¸‚场线 86.投资组åˆç†è®º(马柯维茨) 87. Black Scholes 模型 88.CAPM模型 89.APT 模型 90.股利[wiki]贴现[/wiki]模型
ã€€ã€€ç»æµŽå¦åè¯
  1.ç»å¯¹ä¼˜åŠ¿(Absolute advantage)
  如果一个国家用一å•ä½èµ„æºç”Ÿäº§çš„æŸç§äº§å“比å¦ä¸€ä¸ªå›½å®¶å¤š,那么,这个国家在这ç§äº§
  å“的生产上与å¦ä¸€å›½ç›¸æ¯”就具有ç»å¯¹ä¼˜åŠ¿ï½¡
  2.逆å‘选择(Adverse choice)
  在æ¤çж况䏋,ä¿é™©å…¬å¸å‘çŽ°å®ƒä»¬çš„å®¢æˆ·ä¸æœ‰å¤ªå¤§çš„一部分æ¥è‡ªé«˜é£Žé™©ç¾¤ä½“。
  3.é€‰æ‹©æˆæœ¬(Alternative cost)
  如果以最好的å¦ä¸€ç§æ–¹å¼ä½¿ç”¨çš„æŸç§èµ„æº,å®ƒæ‰€èƒ½ç”Ÿäº§çš„ä»·å€¼å°±æ˜¯é€‰æ‹©æˆæœ¬,也å¯ä»¥ç§° ä¹‹ä¸ºæœºä¼šæˆæœ¬ï½¡
  4.需求的弧弹性( Arc elasticity of demand)
  如果P1å’ŒQ1åˆ†åˆ«æ˜¯ä»·æ ¼å’Œéœ€æ±‚é‡çš„åˆå§‹å€¼,P2 å’ŒQ2 为第二组值,那么,弧弹性就ç‰äºŽ-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)
  5.éžå¯¹ç§°çš„ä¿¡æ¯(Asymmetric information)
  在æŸäº›å¸‚场ä¸,æ¯ä¸ªå‚与者拥有的信æ¯å¹¶ä¸ç›¸åŒï½¡ä¾‹å¦‚,在旧车市场上,æœ‰å…³æ—§è½¦è´¨é‡ çš„ä¿¡æ¯,å–è€…é€šå¸¸è¦æ¯”潜在的买者知é“得多。
  6.平凿ˆæœ¬(Average cost)
ã€€ã€€å¹³å‡æˆæœ¬æ˜¯æ€»æˆæœ¬é™¤ä»¥äº§é‡ï½¡ä¹Ÿç§°ä¸ºå¹³å‡æ€»æˆæœ¬ï½¡
  7.å¹³å‡å›ºå®šæˆæœ¬( Average fixed cost)
  平å‡å›ºå®šæˆæœ¬æ˜¯æ€»å›ºå®šæˆæœ¬é™¤ä»¥äº§é‡ï½¡
  8.å¹³å‡äº§å“(Average product)
  平å‡äº§å“是总产é‡é™¤ä»¥æŠ•å…¥å“的数é‡ï½¡
  9.å¹³å‡å¯å˜æˆæœ¬(Average variable cost)
  平å‡å¯å˜æˆæœ¬æ˜¯æ€»å¯å˜æˆæœ¬é™¤ä»¥äº§é‡ï½¡
  10.投资的β(Beta)
  β度é‡çš„æ˜¯ä¸ŽæŠ•资相è”çš„ä¸å¯åˆ†æ•£çš„风险。对于一ç§è‚¡ç¥¨è€Œè¨€,它表示所有现行股票的 收益å‘生å˜åŒ–æ—¶,一ç§è‚¡ç¥¨çš„æ”¶ç›Šä¼šå¦‚ä½•æ•æ„Ÿåœ°å˜åŒ–。
  11.债券收益(Bond yield)
  债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
  12.收支平衡图(Break-even chart)
  收支平衡图表示一ç§äº§å“æ‰€å‡ºå”®çš„æ€»æ•°é‡æ”¹å˜æ—¶æ€»æ”¶ç›Šå’Œæ€»æˆæœ¬æ˜¯å¦‚何å˜åŒ–的。收支平 衡点是为é¿å…æŸå¤±è€Œå¿…é¡»å–å‡ºçš„æœ€å°æ•°é‡ï½¡
  13.预算线(Budget line)
  预算线表示消费者所能è´ä¹°çš„商å“X和商å“Y的数é‡çš„全部组åˆï½¡å®ƒçš„æ–œçއç‰äºŽå•†å“Xçš„ä»·æ ¼é™¤ä»¥å•†å“Yçš„ä»·æ ¼å†ä¹˜ä»¥ä¸€1。
  14.æ†ç»‘销售(Bundling)
  æ†ç»‘é”€å”®æŒ‡è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§å¸‚场è¥é”€æ‰‹æ®µ,出售两ç§äº§å“的厂商,è¦æ±‚è´ä¹°å…¶ä¸ä¸€ç§äº§å“的客 户,也è¦è´ä¹°å¦ä¸€ç§äº§å“。
  15.资本(Capital)
  资本是指用于生产、销售åŠå•†å“å’ŒæœåŠ¡åˆ†é…的设备、厂房、å˜è´§ï½¤åŽŸææ–™å’Œå…¶ä»–éžäºº 力生产资æºï½¡
  16.资本收益(Capital gain)
  资本收益是指人们å–出股票(或其他资产)时所获得的超过原æ¥ä¸ºå®ƒæ”¯ä»˜çš„那一部分。
  17.资本主义(Capitalism)
  资本主义是一ç§å¸‚场体系,它ä¾èµ–ä»·æ ¼ä½“ç³»åŽ»è§£å†³åŸºæœ¬çš„ç»æµŽé—®é¢˜:生产什么?如何生 产?æ€Žæ ·åˆ†é…?ç»æµŽå¢žé•¿çŽ‡åº”ä¸ºå¤šå°‘?
  18.基数效用(Cardinal utility)
  基数效用是指åƒä¸ªäººçš„体釿ˆ–èº«é«˜é‚£æ ·åœ¨åŸºæ•°çš„æ„义上å¯ä»¥åº¦é‡çš„æ•ˆç”¨(它æ„å‘³ç€æ•ˆç”¨ 之间的差别,å³è¾¹é™…效用,是有æ„义的)ï½¡åºæ•°æ•ˆç”¨ä¸Žå®ƒç›¸å,它åªåœ¨åºæ•°çš„层é¢ä¸Šæ‰æœ‰æ„义。
  19.å¡ç‰¹å°”(Cartel)
  å¡ç‰¹å°”是指厂商之间为了åˆè°‹è€Œç¾è®¢å…¬å¼€å’Œæ£å¼åè®®è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§å¸‚场结构形æ€ï½¡
  20. ç§‘å¸ƒä¸€é“æ ¼æ‹‰æ–¯ç”Ÿäº§å‡½æ•°æ˜¯æŒ‡è¿™æ ·çš„生产函数Q=AL“IKâ€2 Mi3。å¼ä¸,Q为产é‡;L为 劳动的数é‡;K为资本的数é‡;Mä¸ºåŽŸææ–™çš„æ•°é‡;A,31,12,23å‡ä¸ºå¸¸æ•°ï½¡
  21.勾结(Collision) 勾结是指一个厂商和åŒä¸šå†…其他的厂商ç¾è®¢æœ‰å…³ä»·æ ¼ï½¤äº§é‡å’Œå…¶ä»–事宜的å议。
  22.比较优势(Comparative advantage)
  如果与生产其他商å“çš„æˆæœ¬ç›¸æ¯”,一个国家生产的æŸç§äº§å“çš„æˆæœ¬æ¯”å¦ä¸€ä¸ªå›½å®¶ä½Ž,é‚£ 么,该国就在这ç§å•†å“的生产上与å¦ä¸€ä¸ªå›½å®¶ç›¸æ¯”具有比较优势。
  23.互补å“(Complements)
  如果Xå’ŒY是互补å“,X的需求é‡å°±ä¸ŽYçš„ä»·æ ¼æˆåå‘å˜åŒ–。
  24.æˆæœ¬ä¸å˜è¡Œä¸š(Constant-cost industry)
ã€€ã€€æˆæœ¬ä¸å˜çš„行业是指具有水平的长期供给曲线的行业,它的扩大并ä¸ä¼šå¼•起投入å“ä»·æ ¼ çš„ä¸Šå‡æˆ–下é™ï½¡
  25.规模收益ä¸å˜(Constant returns to scale)
  如果所有投入å“的数é‡éƒ½ä»¥ç›¸åŒçš„ç™¾åˆ†æ•°å¢žåŠ ,并导致产é‡ä¹Ÿä»¥ç›¸åŒçš„ç™¾åˆ†æ•°å¢žåŠ ,å°± 是规模收益ä¸å˜çš„。
  26.消费者剩余(Consumer surplus)
  消费者剩余是指消费者愿æ„为æŸç§å•†å“或æœåŠ¡æ‰€æ”¯ä»˜çš„æœ€å¤§æ•°é‡ä¸Žä»–实际支付的数é‡ä¹‹å·®ï½¡
  27.å¯ç«žäº‰å¸‚场(Contestable market)
  å¯ç«žäº‰å¸‚场是指那ç§è¿›å…¥å®Œå…¨è‡ªç”±ä»¥åŠé€€å‡ºæ²¡æœ‰æˆæœ¬çš„市场。å¯ç«žäº‰å¸‚场的本质在于它 们很容易å—到打了就跑的进入者的伤害。
  28.契约曲线(Contract curve)
  契约曲线是(åœ¨æ¶ˆè´¹è€…ä¹‹é—´è¿›è¡Œäº¤æ¢æ—¶)两个消费者的边际替代率相ç‰çš„点的轨迹,或 者(åœ¨ç”Ÿäº§è€…ä¹‹é—´è¿›è¡Œäº¤æ¢æ—¶)两个生产者的边际技术替代率相ç‰çš„点的轨迹。
  29.角点解(Corner solution)
ã€€ã€€è§’ç‚¹è§£æ˜¯æŒ‡è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§æƒ…å½¢,预算线在ä½äºŽåæ ‡è½´ä¸Šçš„ç‚¹å¤„è¾¾åˆ°æœ€é«˜çš„å¯èŽ·å¾—çš„
  30.需求的交å‰å¼¹æ€§(Cross elasticity of demand)
  需求的交å‰å¼¹æ€§æ˜¯æŒ‡å•†å“Yçš„ä»·æ ¼å‘生1%çš„å˜åŒ–时所引起的商å“X的需求é‡å˜åŒ–的百分 比。
  31.åž„æ–çš„æ— è°“æŸå¤±(Deadweight loss of monopoly)
  如果一个完全竞争的市场转å˜ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªåž„æ–的市场,è¿™ç§è½¬å˜æ‰€å¸¦æ¥çš„æ€»å‰©ä½™çš„å‡å°‘就是 æ— è°“
æŸå¤±ï½¡
  32.买方垄æ–çš„æ— è°“æŸå¤±(Deadweight loss of monopsony)
ã€€ã€€å¦‚æžœä¸€ä¸ªå®Œå…¨ç«žäº‰çš„å¸‚åœºè½¬å˜æˆä¸€ä¸ªä¹°æ–¹åž„æ–的市场,è¿™ç§è½¬å˜æ‰€å¸¦æ¥çš„æ€»å‰©ä½™çš„å‡å°‘ å³ä¸ºæ— è°“æŸå¤±.
  33.æˆæœ¬é€’å‡è¡Œä¸š(Decreasing-cost industry)
ã€€ã€€æˆæœ¬é€’å‡è¡Œä¸šæ˜¯æŒ‡å…·æœ‰å‘下倾斜的长期供给曲线的行业,å®ƒçš„æ‰©å¤§ä¼šå¼•èµ·å¹³å‡æˆæœ¬ä¸‹é™ 。
  34.规模收益递å‡( Decreasing return to scale)
  如果所有投入å“的数é‡éƒ½ä»¥ç›¸åŒçš„ç™¾åˆ†æ•°å¢žåŠ ,并导致产é‡å¢žåŠ çš„ç™¾åˆ†æ•°å°äºŽè¯¥ç™¾åˆ†æ•° ,就是规模收益递å‡çš„。
  35.需求曲线(Demand curve)
  需求曲线表示在æ¯ä¸€ä»·æ ¼ä¸‹æ‰€éœ€æ±‚çš„å•†å“æ•°é‡ï½¡
  36.å¯è´·èµ„[wiki]金[/wiki]的需求曲线(Demand curve of loanable funds)
  å¯è´·èµ„金的需求曲线表示å¯è´·èµ„金的需求é‡ä¸Žåˆ©çŽ‡äºŒè€…ä¹‹é—´çš„å…³ç³»ï½¡
  37.贴现率( Discount rate)
  当利率用于计算投资的净现值时,它被称为贴现率。
  38.å¯åˆ†æ•£é£Žé™©(Diversifiable risk)
  å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡å¤šæ ·åŒ–æ¥é¿å…的风险是å¯åˆ†æ•£é£Žé™©ï½¡
  39.主导厂商( Dominant firm)
  在寡头垄æ–的行业ä¸,ä¸»å¯¼åŽ‚å•†æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªåˆ¶å®šä»·æ ¼çš„å¤§åž‹åŽ‚å•†,它å…许该行业ä¸çš„å°åŽ‚å•†åœ¨æ¤ä»·æ ¼ä¸‹é”€å”®å®ƒä»¬æƒ³å‡ºå”®çš„全部数é‡çš„商å“。
  40.优势ç–ç•¥(Dominant strategy)
  ä¸è®ºå…¶ä»–å±€ä¸äººé‡‡å–什么ç–ç•¥,优势ç–略对一个局ä¸äººè€Œè¨€éƒ½æ˜¯æœ€å¥½çš„ç–略。
  41.åŒå¤´åž„æ–(Duopoly)
  åŒå¤´åž„æ–æ˜¯æŒ‡æœ‰ä¸¤ä¸ªå–ä¸»è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§å¸‚场结构。å¤è¯ºæ¨¡åž‹,以åŠå…¶ä»–模型ä¸éƒ½æ¶‰åŠåŒå¤´åž„ æ–。
  42.ç»æµŽæ•ˆçއ(Economic efficiency)
ã€€ã€€ç»æµŽæ•ˆçŽ‡æ˜¯æŒ‡è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§çж况,所进行的任何改å˜éƒ½ä¸ä¼šç»™ä»»ä½•äººå¸¦æ¥æŸå¤±è€Œèƒ½å¢žåŠ ä¸€äº›äººçš„ç¦åˆ©ï½¡è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§çжæ€å°±æ˜¯ç»æµŽçš„æœ‰æ•ˆçŽ‡çŠ¶å†µ(或者帕累托效率或帕累托最优)。
  43.ç»æµŽåˆ©æ¶¦(Economic profit)
ã€€ã€€ç»æµŽåˆ©æ¶¦æ˜¯æŒ‡åŽ‚å•†çš„æ”¶ç›Šä¸Žå®ƒçš„æˆæœ¬ä¹‹å·®,åŽè€…包括从最有利的å¦å¤–一ç§åŽ‚å•†èµ„æºçš„使 用ä¸å¯ä»¥èŽ·å¾—çš„æ”¶ç›Šï½¡
  44.ç”Ÿäº§çš„ç»æµŽåŒºåŸŸ(Economic region of production)
ã€€ã€€ç”Ÿäº§çš„ç»æµŽåŒºåŸŸæ˜¯æŒ‡ç‰äº§é‡çº¿æ–œçŽ‡ä¸ºè´Ÿçš„æŠ•å…¥å“组åˆï½¡æ²¡æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªåŽ‚å•†ä¼šåœ¨ç‰äº§é‡çº¿æ–œçއ 为æ£çš„点上è¿è¡Œ,å› ä¸ºåœ¨è¿™ç§ç‚¹ä¸Šæ€»ä¼šæœ‰ä¸€ç§æŠ•å…¥å“的边际产å“为负。
  45.ç»æµŽèµ„æº(Economic resource)
ã€€ã€€ç»æµŽèµ„æºæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¸€ç§ç¨€ç¼ºçš„ï½¤è¦æ±‚一个éžé›¶ä»·æ ¼çš„资æºï½¡
  46.èŒƒå›´ç»æµŽ(Economies of scope)
ã€€ã€€èŒƒå›´ç»æµŽæ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±åŽ‚å•†çš„èŒƒå›´è€Œéžè§„模带æ¥çš„ç»æµŽï½¡åªè¦æŠŠä¸¤ç§æˆ–更多的产å“åˆå¹¶åœ¨ä¸€èµ· 生产比分开æ¥ç”Ÿäº§çš„æˆæœ¬è¦ä½Ž,就会å˜åœ¨èŒƒå›´ç»æµŽï½¡
  47.有效市场å‡è¯´(Efficient markets hypothesis)
ã€€ã€€æ ¹æ®è¿™ä¸€å‡è®¾,投资者在买å–股票时会迅速有效地利用å¯èƒ½çš„ä¿¡æ¯.所有已知的影å“一 ç§è‚¡ç¥¨ä»·æ ¼çš„å› ç´ éƒ½å·²ç»åæ˜ åœ¨è‚¡ç¥¨çš„ä»·æ ¼ä¸,å› æ¤æ ¹æ®è¿™ä¸€ç†è®º,è‚¡ç¥¨çš„æŠ€æœ¯åˆ†æžæ˜¯æ— 效的。(这个å‡è®¾æœ‰ä¸‰ç§å½¢å¼ï½¡)
  48.财富状况(Endowment position)
  财富状况是指消费者æ¯å¹´çš„æ”¶äººï½¡
  49.æ©æ ¼å°”曲线(Engel curve)
ã€€ã€€æ©æ ¼å°”æ›²çº¿åæ˜ 的是所è´ä¹°çš„一ç§å•†å“çš„å‡è¡¡æ•°é‡ä¸Žæ¶ˆè´¹è€…收入水平之间的关系。它是 以[wiki]19世纪[/wiki][wiki]德国[/wiki]的统计å¦å®¶æ©æ–¯ç‰¹Â·æ©æ ¼å°”çš„åå—命å的。
  50.å‡è¡¡(Equilibrium)
  å‡è¡¡æ˜¯æŒ‡æ²¡æœ‰ä»»ä½•å˜åŒ–趋势的状æ€ï½¡ä¾‹å¦‚,å‡è¡¡ä»·æ ¼å°±æ˜¯ä¸€ç§èƒ½å¤Ÿç»´æŒçš„ä»·æ ¼ï½¡
  51.过剩生产能力(Excess capacity)
ã€€ã€€è¿‡å‰©ç”Ÿäº§èƒ½åŠ›æ˜¯æŒ‡æˆæœ¬æœ€ä½Žäº§é‡ä¸Žé•¿æœŸå‡è¡¡ä¸çš„实际产é‡ä¹‹å·®ï½¡
  52åž„.æ–竞争ç†è®º
  有一个著å的且颇有争论的结论,它认为这ç§å¸‚场结构之下的厂商往往会在还有过剩生产能力的情况下进行生产。
  53.æ‰©å¼ è·¯å¾„( Expansion path)
ã€€ã€€æ‰©å¼ è·¯å¾„æ˜¯æŒ‡ä¸Žå„ç§äº§é‡ç›¸å¯¹åº”çš„ç‰äº§é‡çº¿ä¸Žç‰æˆæœ¬çº¿ç›¸åˆ‡çš„点的轨迹。(æ‰€æœ‰æŠ•å…¥å“ éƒ½æ˜¯å¯å˜çš„。)
  54.期望货å¸ä»·å€¼(Expected monetary vale)
  为了确定一项投机的期望货å¸ä»·å€¼,计算æ¯ä¸€ç§å¯èƒ½å‡ºçŽ°çš„ç»“æžœçš„è´§å¸æ”¶ç›Š(或æŸå¤±) 与其出现的概率相乘以åŽçš„和。
  55.预期利润(Expected profit)
  预期利润就是长期的平å‡åˆ©æ¶¦å€¼,ä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯ç”¨æ‰€å‡ºçŽ°çš„æ¦‚çŽ‡åŠ æƒä»¥åŽçš„å„ç§å¯èƒ½çš„利润水平之和。
  56.完全信æ¯çš„预期价值(Expected value of perfect information) 完全信æ¯çš„预 期价值是指决ç–è€…èŽ·å¾—å®Œå…¨ä¿¡æ¯æ‰€å¯¼è‡´çš„预期的货å¸ä»·å€¼çš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡å®ƒæ˜¯å†³ç–者为获得完全 的信æ¯è€Œèƒ½æ”¯ä»˜çš„æœ€å¤§æ•°é‡ï½¡
  57.æ˜¾æˆæœ¬(Explicit costs)
ã€€ã€€æ˜¾æˆæœ¬æ˜¯æŒ‡è´¦ç›®ä¸Šæ‰€åŒ…括的厂商的æ£å¸¸è´¹ç”¨,è¯¸å¦‚å·¥èµ„æˆæœ¬å’ŒåŽŸææ–™æ”¯ä»˜ï½¡
  58.外部ä¸ç»æµŽ(External diseconomy)
  外部ä¸ç»æµŽæ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽæ¶ˆè´¹æˆ–è€…å…¶ä»–äººå’ŒåŽ‚å•†çš„äº§å‡ºæ‰€å¼•èµ·çš„ä¸€ä¸ªäººæˆ–åŽ‚å•†æ— æ³•è¡¥å¿çš„æˆæœ¬ï½¡
  59.å¤–éƒ¨ç»æµŽ(External economy)
ã€€ã€€å¤–éƒ¨ç»æµŽæ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽæ¶ˆè´¹æˆ–è€…å…¶ä»–äººå’ŒåŽ‚å•†çš„äº§å‡ºæ‰€å¼•èµ·çš„ä¸€ä¸ªäººæˆ–åŽ‚å•†æ— æ³•ç´¢å–的收益 。
  60.先动优势(First-mover advantages)
  先动优势是由于在åšå¼ˆä¸ç¬¬ä¸€ä¸ªé‡‡å–行动的局ä¸äººæ‰€æ‹¥æœ‰çš„优势。
  61.å›ºå®šæˆæœ¬(Fixed cost)
ã€€ã€€å›ºå®šæˆæœ¬ä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªæ—¶æœŸä¸å˜æŠ•å…¥å“çš„æ€»æˆæœ¬ï½¡
  62.ä¸å˜æŠ•人å“(FIXed input)
  ä¸å˜æŠ•入哿˜¯æŒ‡ç”Ÿäº§è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸æ‰€ä½¿ç”¨çš„(如厂房和设备)、在考察的期间数é‡ä¸å˜çš„èµ„æº ï½¡
  63.自由资æº(Free resource)
ã€€ã€€è‡ªç”±èµ„æºæ˜¯æŒ‡ç‰¹åˆ«å¯Œè£•ä»¥è‡´åœ¨é›¶ä»·æ ¼å°±å¯ä»¥èŽ·å¾—çš„èµ„æº
  64.一般å‡è¡¡åˆ†æž(General equilibrium analysis)
  一般å‡è¡¡åˆ†æžæ˜¯æŒ‡(与局部å‡è¡¡åˆ†æžç›¸å)把å„ç§å¸‚åœºå’Œä»·æ ¼çš„ç›¸äº’[wiki]作用[/wiki]都考虑进去的 分æžï½¡
  65.å‰èЬå论(Giffen`s paradox)
  å‰èЬå论是指商å“的需求é‡ä¸Žä»·æ ¼æˆæ£å‘å…³ç³»è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§çŠ¶å†µï½¡å½“åŠ£è´¨å•†å“ä»·æ ¼çš„æ›¿ä»£æ•ˆ 应并ä¸è¶³ä»¥æŠµæ¶ˆæ”¶äººæ•ˆåº”时就会å‘ç”Ÿè¿™æ ·çš„æƒ…å†µï½¡
  66.éšæˆæœ¬(Implicit cost)
  使用ä¼ä¸šæ‰€æœ‰è€…拥有的资æº(诸如他的[wiki]æ—¶é—´[/wiki]与资本)çš„é€‰æ‹©æˆæœ¬å°±æ˜¯éšæˆæœ¬ï½¡
  67.收入补å¿çš„需求曲线( Income-compensated demand curve)
  收入补å¿çš„需求曲线表示,当消费者的收入调整到ä¸è®ºä»·æ ¼å¦‚何都å¯ä»¥è´ä¹°æœ€åˆçš„市场篮å,这时在æ¯ä¸€ç§ä»·æ ¼ä¸‹æ¶ˆè´¹è€…所需求的商å“çš„æ•°é‡æœ‰å¤šå°‘。
  68.æ”¶å…¥–消费曲线(Income-consumption curve)
  收入一消费曲线是把代表与全部å¯èƒ½çš„æ¶ˆè´¹è€…è´§å¸æ”¶å…¥ç›¸åº”çš„å‡è¡¡å¸‚场篮å的点连接而æˆçš„ä¸€æ¡æ›²çº¿ï½¡è¿™ç§æ›²çº¿å¯ä»¥ç”¨äºŽæŽ¨å¯¼æ©æ ¼å°”曲线。
  69.收人效应(Income effect)
  收入效应是指,æ‰€æœ‰ä»·æ ¼ä¸å˜æ—¶å®Œå…¨ç”±äºŽæ¶ˆè´¹è€…满足水平的å˜åŒ–所引起的商å“X的需求 é‡çš„æ”¹å˜ï½¡
  70.需求的收入弹性(income elasticity of demand)
  需求的收入弹性是指,å½“ä»·æ ¼ä¿æŒä¸å˜æ—¶æ¶ˆè´¹è€…æ”¶å…¥å‘生1%çš„å˜åŒ–æ—¶,所引起的需求 æ•°é‡å˜åŒ–的百分比。
  71.æˆæœ¬é€’增的产业(Increasing-cost industry)
ã€€ã€€æˆæœ¬é€’增的行业是指具有å‘上倾斜的长期供给曲线的行业,它的扩大会引起投入å“ä»·æ ¼ 的上å‡ï½¡
  72.规模收益递增(increasing returns to scale)
  如果所有投入å“的数é‡éƒ½ä»¥ç›¸åŒçš„ç™¾åˆ†æ•°å¢žåŠ ,并导致产é‡å¢žåŠ çš„ç™¾åˆ†æ•°å¤§äºŽè¯¥ç™¾åˆ†æ•° ,就是规模收益递增的。
  73.æ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿(Indifference curve)
ã€€ã€€æ— å·®å¼‚æ›²çº¿è¡¨ç¤ºå¯¹æ¶ˆè´¹è€…æ²¡æœ‰åŒºåˆ«çš„å¸‚åœºç¯®å的点的轨迹。
  74.劣质商å“(Inferior good)
ã€€ã€€åŠ£è´¨å•†å“æ˜¯æŒ‡å…¶æ”¶å…¥æ•ˆåº”ä½¿å¾—å®žé™…æ”¶äººå¢žåŠ å¯¼è‡´éœ€æ±‚é‡å‡å°‘的商å“。
  75.创[wiki]新[/wiki](Innovation)
  当一项å‘[wiki]明[/wiki]第一次使用时,我们称之为创新。
  76.投人å“(Input)
ã€€ã€€ç”Ÿäº§è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸æ‰€ä½¿ç”¨çš„任何资æºéƒ½æ˜¯æŠ•å…¥å“。
  77.利率(lnterest rate)
  如果他借出1美[wiki]å…ƒ[/wiki]一年,一年åŽå€Ÿå‡ºè€…收到的贴水为利率。如果利率为r,他一年åŽå°†æ”¶ 到(1+r)美元。
  78.ä¸é—´å“(Intermediate good)
  ä¸é—´å“是指用于生产其他商å“å’ŒæœåŠ¡çš„äº§å“。
  79.内部收益率(Internal rate of return)
  内部收益率是使一项投资项目的净现金æµçš„现值ç‰äºŽé¡¹ç›®æŠ•资支出的利率。
  80.投资(Investment)
ã€€ã€€æŠ•èµ„æ˜¯æŒ‡åˆ›é€ æ–°èµ„äº§çš„è¿‡ç¨‹ï½¡
  81.投资需求曲线( Investment demand curve)
  投资需求曲线表示投资的总数é‡ä¸Žé¢å¤–1美元投资的收益率之间的关系。
  82.ç‰æˆæœ¬æ›²çº¿( Isocost curve)
ã€€ã€€ç‰æˆæœ¬æ›²çº¿è¡¨ç¤ºä¸€ä¸ªå›ºå®šçš„æ€»æ”¯å‡ºæ‰€èƒ½å¾—到的å„ç§æŠ•å…¥å“组åˆï½¡
  83.ç‰åˆ©æ¶¦æ›²çº¿( Isoprofit curve)
  ç‰åˆ©æ¶¦æ›²çº¿è¡¨ç¤ºèƒ½å¤Ÿäº§ç”ŸæŸä¸€åˆ©æ¶¦æ°´å¹³çš„æ‰€æœ‰æŠ•å…¥å“组åˆï½¡
  84.ç‰äº§é‡æ›²çº¿(Isoquant)
  ç‰äº§é‡æ›²çº¿è¡¨ç¤ºèƒ½å¤Ÿäº§ç”ŸæŸä¸€äº§é‡çš„æ‰€æœ‰å¯èƒ½çš„(有效率的)投入å“组åˆ.
  85.ç‰æ”¶ç›Šçº¿( lsorevenue line)
ã€€ã€€ç‰æ”¶ç›Šçº¿è¡¨ç¤ºèƒ½å¤Ÿäº§ç”Ÿç›¸åŒæ€»æ”¶ç›Šçš„两ç§å•†å“产é‡çš„全部组åˆï½¡
  86.折弯的需求曲线(Kinked demand curve)
  折弯的需求曲线是垄æ–厂商é¢å¯¹çš„åœ¨çŽ°è¡Œçš„ä»·æ ¼ä¸‹æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæŠ˜ç‚¹çš„éœ€æ±‚æ›²çº¿,éœ€æ±‚åœ¨ä»·æ ¼ä¸Šå‡æ—¶è¦æ¯”ä»·æ ¼ä¸‹é™æ—¶æ›´å¯Œæœ‰å¼¹æ€§ï½¡
  87.劳动( Labor)
  劳动是指生产商å“å’ŒæœåŠ¡çš„è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸æ‰€ä½¿ç”¨çš„人们的努力、体力和脑力。
  88.土地( Land)
  土地是指用于生产的、包括矿产和土地在内的自然资æºï½¡
  89.边际收益递å‡å¾‹(Law of diminishing marginal returns)
ã€€ã€€æ ¹æ®è¿™ä¸€æ³•则,å¦‚æžœä¸æ–æ·»åŠ ç›¸åŒå¢žé‡çš„ä¸€ç§æŠ•å…¥å“(且若其他投入å“ä¿æŒä¸å˜),è¿™ æ ·æ‰€å¯¼è‡´çš„äº§å“增é‡åœ¨è¶…过æŸä¸€ç‚¹åŽå°†ä¼šä¸‹é™,也就是说,边际产å“将会å‡å°‘。
  90.边际效用递å‡å¾‹(Law of diminishing marginal utility)
ã€€ã€€æ ¹æ®è¿™ä¸€æ³•则,当一个人消费越æ¥è¶Šå¤šçš„æŸç§å•†å“æ—¶(其他商å“çš„æ¶ˆè´¹ä¿æŒä¸å˜),商 å“的边际效用最终会趋于下é™.
  91.勒纳指数(Lerner index)
  勒纳指数度é‡ä¸€ä¸ªåŽ‚å•†æ‰€æ‹¥æœ‰çš„åž„æ–势力的大å°,它ç‰äºŽ(P—MC)/P,æ¤å¤„Pæ˜¯åŽ‚å•†çš„ä»·æ ¼,MCæ˜¯è¾¹é™…æˆæœ¬ï½¡
  92.å¦ä¹ 曲线(Learning curve)
  å¦ä¹ 曲线表示一ç§å•†å“çš„å¹³å‡æˆæœ¬ä¸Žç”Ÿäº§è€…的累积总产é‡ä¹‹é—´çš„关系。 93.é™åˆ¶æ€§å®šä»·(Limit pricing)
  é™åˆ¶æ€§å®šä»·æ˜¯æŒ‡ä¸ºäº†é˜»æ¢å…¶ä»–厂商进人而采å–的一ç§å®šä»·ï½¡é™åˆ¶æ€§ä»·æ ¼æ˜¯ä¸€ç§ä½¿å¾—进入 者失望或阻æ¢å®ƒä»¬è¿›å…¥çš„ä»·æ ¼ï½¡
  94.长期(Long run)
  长期是指所有投入å“都是å¯å˜çš„æ—¶é—´æœŸé™ï½¡åœ¨é•¿æœŸä¸åނ商å¯ä»¥å…¨éƒ¨æ”¹å˜å®ƒæ‰€ä½¿ç”¨çš„èµ„æº ï½¡
  95.è¾¹é™…æˆæœ¬(Marginal cost)
ã€€ã€€è¾¹é™…æˆæœ¬æ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽå¢žåŠ æœ€åŽä¸€å•ä½äº§é‡å¯¼è‡´çš„æ€»æˆæœ¬çš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡
  96.è¾¹é™…æˆæœ¬å®šä»·(Marginal cost pricing)
ã€€ã€€è¾¹é™…æˆæœ¬å®šä»·æ˜¯æŒ‡è¿™æ ·ä¸€ç§å®šä»·è§„则,厂商或国有ä¼ä¸šä½¿å¾—ä»·æ ¼ç‰äºŽè¾¹é™…æˆæœ¬ï½¡
  97.边际支出曲线(Manginal expenditure curve)
ã€€ã€€è¾¹é™…æ”¯å‡ºæ›²çº¿è¡¨ç¤ºåŽ‚å•†å¢žåŠ 1å•ä½æŠ•äººå“Xæ‰€å¼•èµ·çš„æˆæœ¬çš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡
  98.边际产å“(Marginal product)
ã€€ã€€è¾¹é™…äº§å“æ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽå¢žåŠ æœ€åŽä¸€å•使Ÿç§æŠ•å…¥å“(其他投入å“的数é‡ä¿æŒä¸å˜)所带æ¥çš„ æ€»äº§é‡çš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡
  99.边际产å“转æ¢çއ(Marginal rate of product transformation)
  边际产å“转æ¢çŽ‡æ˜¯æŒ‡ç”Ÿäº§å¯èƒ½æ€§æ›²çº¿æ–œçŽ‡çš„è´Ÿæ•°ï½¡
  100.边际替代率(Marginal rate of substitution)
  边际替代率是指如果消费者在收到é¢å¤–一å•ä½å•†å“X之åŽè¦ä¿æŒæ»¡è¶³æ°´å¹³ä¸å˜è€Œå¿…须放 弃的商å“Y的数é‡ï½¡
  101.边际收益(Marginal revenue)
  边际收益是指出售é¢å¤–一å•ä½äº§å“所带æ¥çš„æ€»æ”¶ç›Šçš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡
  102.边际收益产å“(Marginal revenue product)
ã€€ã€€è¾¹é™…æ”¶ç›Šäº§å“æ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽä½¿ç”¨é¢å¤–一å•使Е入å“X所带æ¥çš„æ€»æ”¶ç›Šçš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡è¾¹é™…æ”¶ç›Šäº§å“æ˜¯æŒ‡ç”±äºŽä½¿ç”¨é¢å¤–一å•使Е入å“X所带æ¥çš„æ€»æ”¶ç›Šçš„å¢žåŠ ï½¡å®ƒç‰äºŽæŠ•å…¥X的边际产å“乘以厂商的边际收益。
  103.边际效用( Marginal utility)
  边际效用是指(当所有其他的商å“çš„æ¶ˆè´¹æ°´å¹³ä¿æŒä¸å˜æ—¶)从é¢å¤–一å•ä½å•†å“䏿‰€èŽ·å¾—é¢å¤–满足(峿•ˆç”¨)。
  104.市场(Market)
ã€€ã€€å¸‚åœºæ˜¯æŒ‡ä¸ºäº†ä¹°å’Œå–æŸäº›å•†å“而与其他厂商和个人相è”系的一群厂商和个人。
  105.市场需求曲线(Market demand curve)
  市场需求曲线表示在整个市场ä¸äº§å“çš„ä»·æ ¼å’Œå®ƒçš„éœ€æ±‚é‡ä¹‹é—´çš„关系。
  106.市场周期(Market period)
  市场周期是指一ç§å•†å“的供给é‡ä¿æŒä¸å˜çš„一段时期。
  107.市场结构( Market structure)
  四ç§ä¸€èˆ¬çš„市场类型是完全竞争、垄æ–、垄æ–竞争和寡头垄æ–。一个市场的结构ä¾èµ–于买者和å–者的数é‡ä»¥åŠäº§å“差别的大å°ï½¡
Mon 3 Mar 2008